Chapter 14 Stress, Lifestyle, and Health Quiz

The saying is money can't buy happiness but research finds that in the United States those who earn more than __________ per year are not measurably happier than those who earn below that amount.

$75,000

Which of the following is an example of the alarm reaction stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

A burst of energy enables Hassan to run fast when he sees a skunk in his path.

Which of the following is a good example of a response-based definition of stress?

Bruce experiences stress because his heart rate increased when he noticed Jack had a knife.

________ is the kind of stress that exceeds the optimal level, is no longer a positive force, and becomes excessive and debilitating.

Distress

___________ is the kind of stress that exceeds the optimal level is no longer a positive force and becomes excessive and debilitating.

Distress

________ is a state of intense engagement in an activity; it is usually experienced while participating in creative work and leisure endeavors.

Flow

Who defined stress as, "the response of the body to any demand, whether it is caused by, or results in, pleasant or unpleasant conditions"?

Hans Selye

Which of the following is an example of a primary appraisal of a stressor?

Humphrey judges the man with the gun to be a moderate threat.

Which of the following is an example of the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

Latricia has been lost in the woods for days. After such a long period of anxiety and fear, Latricia collapses by a tree.

What do studies show about the relationship between stress and memory?

Moderate stress can enhance both immediate and delayed recall of educational material.

Is anger suppression or anger expression a more effective approach for coping with racism?

Some research shows anger suppression is more effective while other research shows anger expression is more effective.

Which of the following is a negative effect of extended cortisol release caused by chronic or prolonged stress?

The immune system is weakened.

What should be changed to make the following statement true? In the general adaptation syndrome, the fight-or-flight reaction describes the body's immediate reaction upon facing a threatening situation term-2 or emergency.

The phrase "fight-or-flight" should be changed to the word "alarm."

What is one reason that more affluent individuals may experience better health?

They tend to believe they can personally control and manage their reaction to life's stressors.

Dr. Frobish possesses a ________ behavior pattern because she is an intensively driven workaholic, preoccupied with deadlines, and always seems to be in a rush.

Type A

Noomi seems to live by the "don't sweat the small stuff" concept. She is relaxed, laid-back, and never seems too concerned about meeting deadlines or finishing a to-do list. Noomi has a ________ personality.

Type B

Which of the following is an example of the resistance stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

Tyrique almost falls out of the tree, but he grabs a branch, and now that the danger of falling has passed, he focuses his energy and attention on getting down from the tree safely.

According to three separate surveys, administered in 1983, 2006, and 2009, which statement about the relationship between stress and sex is the most accurate?

Women report experiencing more stress than men.

A stressor is likely to be appraised as a threat when someone ________.

anticipates that it could lead to some kind of harm, loss, or other negative consequence

A(n) ________ attack is often triggered by environmental factors, such as air pollution, allergens, cigarette smoke, airway infections, cold air or a sudden change in temperature, and exercise.

asthma

Rheumatoid arthritis is considered a(n) ______ disease because it involves the body mistaking its own healthy cells for invaders and repeatedly attacking them.

autoimmune

Rheumatoid arthritis is considered a(n) ________ disease because it involves the body mistaking its own healthy cells for invaders and repeatedly attacking them.

autoimmune

The concept of perceived control refers to ________.

beliefs about the capacity to influence and shape outcomes in our lives

Hans Selye's definition of stress is considered a response-based definition because it conceptualizes stress chiefly in terms of the ________.

body's physiological reaction to any demand that is placed on it

Heather considers taking a new job. She focuses on the increased opportunities for promotion and the higher salary rather than her increased responsibilities; therefore, she views the new position as a ________ rather than a ________.

challenge; threat

Lamont cares for his aging father, who suffers from dementia. This is an example of a(n) ________ stressor.

chronic

Noticing that you have difficulty concentrating during and after periods of prolonged stress exemplifies how stress can have a negative ________ impact.

cognitive

Rush hour traffic, lost keys, obnoxious coworkers, and inclement weather are all examples of a(n) ________.

daily hassle

A high-stress job, overcrowding, and long commutes to work are examples of the way some psychologists conceptualize stress as a ________.

demanding or threatening event or situation

Doug is an emergency room nurse in a large, underfunded, public hospital. Lately, he finds himself assuming that the patients he sees are just trying to get free drugs to feed an addiction. Just yesterday a little boy was brought in with a broken arm, and Doug found that he was completely indifferent to the boy's pain. What aspect of job burnout does this exemplify?

depersonalization

Ehab is a high school science teacher. He recently received a Teacher of the Year award for his district, but he believes he only received it because no one else bothered to apply for it. He is a popular teacher, but he is convinced the students only pretend to like him so they will get better grades. What aspect of job burnout does this exemplify?

diminished personal accomplishment

People who reach the ________ level of stress feel burned out; they are fatigued, exhausted, and their performance begins to decline.

distress

Anna is a school counselor. She hates going to work and wants to lock the door and cry whenever a student comes to her for help. She just doesn't feel like she has anything left to give. What dimension of job burnout does this exemplify?

exhaustion

Jade hears a rattle. When she turns around she sees a rattlesnake inches from her leg. Her pupils dilate, her heart pounds, and she begins to sweat. This response is called the ________ response.

fight-or-flight

Hypertension is a major risk factor for heart disease because it ________.

forces the heart to pump harder, which puts more physical strain on the heart

A ________ psychologist might investigate why people continue to smoke or eat high fat and processed food despite knowing the potential adverse health implications of such behaviors.

health

What triggers the secondary appraisal of a stressor?

how a threat is perceived

The process by which one's physiological defense system becomes less efficient at fighting illness is called _________ and this process is enhanced by elevated stress levels.

immunosuppression

Over the past few years, research suggests that stress levels in the United States have ________.

increased

Taylor is a social worker. He is overworked, his caseload is overwhelming, and he no longer believes that what he does on a day-to-day basis has any real impact or improves anyone's life. Taylor is probably suffering from ________.

job burnout

White blood cells that circulate in the bloodstream and are an important part of the body's immune system are called __________.

lymphocytes

The relaxation response technique is a stress reduction technique that combines elements of relaxation and ________.

meditation

Lydia is often described as having a positive outlook on life. She assumes the best of people and situations. Lydia exemplifies ________.

optimism

Developing stomach ulcers during a prolonged period of stress exemplifies how stress can have a negative ________ impact.

physiological

Optimism is a tendency toward a(n) ________.

positive outlook and positive expectations

Which kind of psychology seeks to identify and promote those qualities that lead to happy, fulfilled, and contented lives?

positive psychology

Keegan is a police officer. She was recently placed on administrative leave because she was shot during an armed robbery. Since the shooting, she can't stop thinking about how it felt to be shot, she is often angry with her husband, she jumps when she hears a loud noise, and she takes a 15 minute detour when driving home to avoid the neighborhood where it happened. Keegan probably suffers from ________.

posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Brizan has just lost his job. He is proactive in trying to resolve this source of stress: He immediately uses the Internet to look up other jobs in his field and plans to eliminate non-essentials from his budget to make his savings last longer. Which type of coping approach is Brizan using?

problem focused

Researchers who studied people injured in the 9/11 attacks found that the injured later suffered from ________. These results demonstrate how stress is linked to the development and progression of a variety of physical illnesses and diseases.

significantly elevated rates of heart disease

Advice guidance, encouragement, acceptance, emotional comfort, and tangible assistance are all examples of ________.

social support

A demanding or threatening event is often called a(n) ________.

stressor

What was the most stressful event found on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale with a LCU score of 100?

the death of a spouse

A stressor would be appraised as a ________ if someone anticipates that it could lead to some kind of harm, loss, or other negative consequence; however, if someone believes that it carries the potential for gain or personal growth, it would be appraised as a ________.

threat; challenge

Which of the following is an example of eustress?

training for a marathon

Which of the following is not one of the three aspects of job burnout?

wanting to quit

Which of the following is an example of a stimulus-based definition of stress?

Caroline experiences stress because she is home alone and hears unusual noises outside.