Chapter 14:Psychological Disorders
disorganized speech
a serve disruption of verbal communication in which ideas shift rapidly and incoherently from one to another unrelated topic.
What is an accurate statement regarding the dissociative identify disorder?
Some researchers believe that disorder is created in therapy.
Major depression is characterized by a severely depressed mood that lasts at least ..
2 weeks
A(n) _______ disorder involves anxiety tied to a specific object or situation.
A(n) phobic disorder involves anxiety tied to a specific object or situation.
agoraphobia
An extreme fear of venturing into public places
Extreme mood swings between _________ characterize bipolar disorders.
Extreme mood swings between depression and mania characterize bipolar disorders.
Schizophrenia affects approximately ___ % of the population and accounts for approximately ____% of admissions to state and county mental hospitals.
Schizophrenia affects approximately 1% of the population and accounts for approximately 40% of admissions to state and county mental hospitals.
DSM-IV-TR
a classification system that describes the features used to diagnose each recognized mental disorder and indicates how the disorder can be distinguished rom other, similar problems
dissociative disorder
a condition in which normal cognitive processes are severely disjointed and fragmented, creating significant disruptions in memory, awareness, or personally that can vary in length from a matter of minutes to many years
generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
a disorder characterized by chronic excessive worry accompanied by three or more of the following symptoms; restlessness, fatigue, concentration problems, irritability, muscle tension, and sleep disturbance.
major depressive disorder
a disorder characterized by severely depressed mood that lasts 2 weeks or more and is accompanied by feelings of worthlessness and lack of pleasure, lethargy, and sleep and appetite disturbances
schizophrenia
a disorder characterized by the profound disruption of basic psychological processes; a distorted perception of reality; altered or blunted emotion; and disturbances in though, motivation and behavior
panic disorder
a disorder characterized by the sudden occurrence of multiple psychological and physiological symptoms that contribute to a feeling of stark terror
obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
a disorder in which repetitive, intrusive thoughts and ritualistic behaviors designed to fend off those thoughts interfere significantly with an individual's functioning
specific phobia
a disorder that involves an irrational fear of a particular object or situation that markedly interferes with an individual's ability to function
social phobia
a disorder that involves an irrational fear of being publicly humiliated or embarrassed
dysthymia
a disorder that involves the same symptoms as in depression, only less severe, but the symptoms last longer, persisting for at least 2 years
hallucination
a false perceptual experience that has compelling sense of being real despite the absence of external stimulation
catatonic behavior
a marked decrease in all movement or an increase in muscular rigidity and over activity
double depression
a moderately depressed mood that persist for a least 2 years and is punctuated by periods o major depression
delusion
a patently false belief system, often bizarre and grandiose, that is maintained in spite of its irrationality
antisocial personality disorder
a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others that begins in childhood or early adolescence and continues into adulthood
bipolar disorder
an unstable emotional condition characterized by cycles of abnormal persistent high mood (mania) and low mood (depression)
Irrational worries and fears that undermine one's ability to function normally are an indication of
anxiety disorder
grossly disorganized behavior
behavior that is inappropriate for the situation or ineffective in attaining goals, often with specific motor disturbances
The DSM-IV-TR is best described as a
classification system
seasonal affective disorder (SAD)
depression that involves recurrent depressive episodes in a seasonal pattern
personality disorders
disorder characterized by deeply ingrained, inflexible patterns of thinking, feeling, or relating to other or controlling impulses that cause distress or impaired functioning
phobic disorders
disorders characterized by marked, persistent, and excessive dear and avoidance of specific objects, activities, or situation
negative symptoms
emotional and social withdrawal; apathy; poverty of speech; and other indications of the absence or insufficiency of normal behavior, motivation and emotion
Which of the following is a common feature of personality disorder?
failure to take other people's perspectives
Schizophrenia is characterized by..
hallucinations, disorganized thoughts and behaviors, emotional and social withdrawal.
What is one example of the identified personality disorder clusters?
impulsivity and aggression
A dissociative disorder is characterized by a significant disruption in ..
memory, awareness, and personality.
mood disorders
mental disorders that have mood disturbance as their predominant feature
Kelly's fear of germs leads her to wash her hands repeatedly throughout the day, often for a half hour or more, under extremely hot water. From which disorder does Kelly suffer?
obsessive-compulsive disorder
Agoraphobia often develops as a result of
panic disorder
diathesis-stress model
suggests that a person may be predisposed for a mental disorder that remains unexpressed until triggered by stress
anxiety disorder
the class of mental disorder in which anxiety is the predominant feature
Comorbidity of disorders refers to
the co-occurrence of two or more disorders in a single individual
comorbidity
the co-occurrence of two or more disorders in a single individual
medical model
the conceptualization of psychological disorders as diseases that, like physical diseases, have biological causes, defined symptoms, and possible cures.
helplessness theory
the idea that individuals who are prone to depression automatically attribute negative experiences to causes that are internally
preparedness theory
the idea that people are instinctively predisposed toward certain fears
dopamine hypothesis
the idea that schizophrenia involves an excess of dopamine activity
The conception of psychological disorders as diseases that have symptoms and possible cure is referred to as
the medical model
dissociative identity disorder
the presence within an individual of two or more distinct identities that at different times take control of the individual's behavior
dissociative amnesia
the sudden loss of memory for significant personal information
dissociative fugue
the sudden loss of memory of one's personal history, accompanied by an abrupt departure from home and the assumption of a new identity