Chapter 14:Psychological Disorders

disorganized speech

a serve disruption of verbal communication in which ideas shift rapidly and incoherently from one to another unrelated topic.

What is an accurate statement regarding the dissociative identify disorder?

Some researchers believe that disorder is created in therapy.

Major depression is characterized by a severely depressed mood that lasts at least ..

2 weeks

A(n) _______ disorder involves anxiety tied to a specific object or situation.

A(n) phobic disorder involves anxiety tied to a specific object or situation.

agoraphobia

An extreme fear of venturing into public places

Extreme mood swings between _________ characterize bipolar disorders.

Extreme mood swings between depression and mania characterize bipolar disorders.

Schizophrenia affects approximately ___ % of the population and accounts for approximately ____% of admissions to state and county mental hospitals.

Schizophrenia affects approximately 1% of the population and accounts for approximately 40% of admissions to state and county mental hospitals.

DSM-IV-TR

a classification system that describes the features used to diagnose each recognized mental disorder and indicates how the disorder can be distinguished rom other, similar problems

dissociative disorder

a condition in which normal cognitive processes are severely disjointed and fragmented, creating significant disruptions in memory, awareness, or personally that can vary in length from a matter of minutes to many years

generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

a disorder characterized by chronic excessive worry accompanied by three or more of the following symptoms; restlessness, fatigue, concentration problems, irritability, muscle tension, and sleep disturbance.

major depressive disorder

a disorder characterized by severely depressed mood that lasts 2 weeks or more and is accompanied by feelings of worthlessness and lack of pleasure, lethargy, and sleep and appetite disturbances

schizophrenia

a disorder characterized by the profound disruption of basic psychological processes; a distorted perception of reality; altered or blunted emotion; and disturbances in though, motivation and behavior

panic disorder

a disorder characterized by the sudden occurrence of multiple psychological and physiological symptoms that contribute to a feeling of stark terror

obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

a disorder in which repetitive, intrusive thoughts and ritualistic behaviors designed to fend off those thoughts interfere significantly with an individual's functioning

specific phobia

a disorder that involves an irrational fear of a particular object or situation that markedly interferes with an individual's ability to function

social phobia

a disorder that involves an irrational fear of being publicly humiliated or embarrassed

dysthymia

a disorder that involves the same symptoms as in depression, only less severe, but the symptoms last longer, persisting for at least 2 years

hallucination

a false perceptual experience that has compelling sense of being real despite the absence of external stimulation

catatonic behavior

a marked decrease in all movement or an increase in muscular rigidity and over activity

double depression

a moderately depressed mood that persist for a least 2 years and is punctuated by periods o major depression

delusion

a patently false belief system, often bizarre and grandiose, that is maintained in spite of its irrationality

antisocial personality disorder

a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others that begins in childhood or early adolescence and continues into adulthood

bipolar disorder

an unstable emotional condition characterized by cycles of abnormal persistent high mood (mania) and low mood (depression)

Irrational worries and fears that undermine one's ability to function normally are an indication of

anxiety disorder

grossly disorganized behavior

behavior that is inappropriate for the situation or ineffective in attaining goals, often with specific motor disturbances

The DSM-IV-TR is best described as a

classification system

seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

depression that involves recurrent depressive episodes in a seasonal pattern

personality disorders

disorder characterized by deeply ingrained, inflexible patterns of thinking, feeling, or relating to other or controlling impulses that cause distress or impaired functioning

phobic disorders

disorders characterized by marked, persistent, and excessive dear and avoidance of specific objects, activities, or situation

negative symptoms

emotional and social withdrawal; apathy; poverty of speech; and other indications of the absence or insufficiency of normal behavior, motivation and emotion

Which of the following is a common feature of personality disorder?

failure to take other people's perspectives

Schizophrenia is characterized by..

hallucinations, disorganized thoughts and behaviors, emotional and social withdrawal.

What is one example of the identified personality disorder clusters?

impulsivity and aggression

A dissociative disorder is characterized by a significant disruption in ..

memory, awareness, and personality.

mood disorders

mental disorders that have mood disturbance as their predominant feature

Kelly's fear of germs leads her to wash her hands repeatedly throughout the day, often for a half hour or more, under extremely hot water. From which disorder does Kelly suffer?

obsessive-compulsive disorder

Agoraphobia often develops as a result of

panic disorder

diathesis-stress model

suggests that a person may be predisposed for a mental disorder that remains unexpressed until triggered by stress

anxiety disorder

the class of mental disorder in which anxiety is the predominant feature

Comorbidity of disorders refers to

the co-occurrence of two or more disorders in a single individual

comorbidity

the co-occurrence of two or more disorders in a single individual

medical model

the conceptualization of psychological disorders as diseases that, like physical diseases, have biological causes, defined symptoms, and possible cures.

helplessness theory

the idea that individuals who are prone to depression automatically attribute negative experiences to causes that are internally

preparedness theory

the idea that people are instinctively predisposed toward certain fears

dopamine hypothesis

the idea that schizophrenia involves an excess of dopamine activity

The conception of psychological disorders as diseases that have symptoms and possible cure is referred to as

the medical model

dissociative identity disorder

the presence within an individual of two or more distinct identities that at different times take control of the individual's behavior

dissociative amnesia

the sudden loss of memory for significant personal information

dissociative fugue

the sudden loss of memory of one's personal history, accompanied by an abrupt departure from home and the assumption of a new identity