Chapter 15

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Higher-Order Processing Centers

Housed in both cerebral hemispheres

grey matter

Houses motor neuron and interneuron cell bodies, dendrites, telodendria, unmyelinated axons

insula lobe function

Involved in interoceptive awareness, emotion, empathy, taste

occipital lobe function

Processes incoming visual information and stores visual memories

Cerebral nuclei

are masses of gray matter located deep within brain's white matter

CSF Functions

buoyancy, protection, chemical stability

Make up of cerebral nuclei

caudate nucleus, lentiform nucleus, claustrum, amygdaloid body

BBB is not present in

choroid plexus, hypothalamus, pineal gland

Association tracts

connect areas within one hemisphere

Projection tracts

connect cerebrum to lower areas (e.g., spinal cord)

Longitudinal fasciculi

connect different lobes of same hemisphere

Commissural tracts

connect the two hemispheres

Motor speech area function

controls muscular movements necessary for vocalization

primary motor cortex function

controls voluntary skeletal muscle activity

premotor cortex function

coordinates skilled motor activities

2 hemispheres connect at a few locations

corpus callosum

Excess CSF

flows into arachnoid villi and drains into dural venous sinuses

Parietal lobe function

general sensory functions

temporal lobe function

hearing and smell

frontal eye field function

helps control and regulate eye movements

Somatosensory association area function

integrates and interprets sensory information

Auditory association function

interprets characteristics of sound and stores memories of sound

Cerebrum

is location of conscious thought and origin of intellectual functions

Flow of CSF

lateral ventricles --> 3rd --> 4th --> subarachnoid space --> out arachnoid villi into blood stream.

white matter

made up of myelinated axons

frontal lobe

premotor cortex, frontal eye field, motor speech area, prefrontal cortex, primary motor cortex

temporal lobe

primary auditory cortex, auditory association area, primary olfactory cortex

insula lobe

primary gustatory cortex

pareital lobe

primary somatosensory cortex, somatosensory asscioation area

occipital lobe

primary visual cortex and visual association area

Primary auditory cortex function

processes auditory information

Primary gustatory cortex function

processes taste information

Primary visual cortex function

processes visual information

Visual association area function

processes visual information

Primary olfactory cortex function

provides awareness of smell

Primary somatosensory cortex function

receives general somatic sensory information from touch, pressure, pain, and temperature receptors

Wernicke area

recognizes and comprehends spoken and written language

BBB

regulates what substances can enter interstitial fluid of brain

Frontal lobe function

voluntary movement, concentration, verbal communication, decision making, planning, and personality

Arcuate fibers

within a lobe

Cranial meninges

•Separating brain from bones of cranium, protect blood vessels, contain and circulate CSF

Diaphragma sellae

•small septum between pituitary and hypothalamus


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