Chapter 15 Anatomy

Consider a person doing jumping jacks in P.E. class. What articulation is performed by the legs as the person draws them together?

Adduction - How Muscular Contraction Causes Articulation: Definition & Types

An athlete is running a race, and experiences a pulled groin. Which of the following muscles is most likely strained?

Adductor magnus - Hip Muscles: Anatomy, Support & Movement

Which of the following muscles are NOT responsible for adduction of the thigh at the hip?

Adductor major - Hip Muscles: Anatomy, Support & Movement

What do we call the muscle responsible for the bulk of a particular movement?

Agonist - Muscle Origin and Insertion: Definition and Actions

What do we call the muscle that opposes the action of the agonist?

Antagonist - Muscle Origin and Insertion: Definition and Actions

Which of the following is the location of the hand flexors?

Anterior forearm compartment - Forearm Muscles: Anatomy, Support & Movement

Which of the following movements is made possible by the pectoralis major?

Arm flexion - Shoulder Muscles: Anatomy, Support & Movement

Which of the following terms is used to describe any movement at a joint?

Articulation - How Muscular Contraction Causes Articulation: Definition & Types

Using the mnemonic FRE123, what does it tell us about a second class lever?

the resistance is found in the middle of this lever system - How Muscle Levers Affect Muscle Efficiency

Which of the following extrinsic foot muscles is responsible for eversion of the foot?

Fibularis brevis - Leg Muscles: Anatomy, Support & Movement

Consider a person doing sit ups in P.E. class. What articulation occurs at the hip as the person moves upward?

Flexion - How Muscular Contraction Causes Articulation: Definition & Types

If you wanted to move your big toe, which muscles in your foot would be activated?

Flexor and extensor hallucis brevis. - Leg Muscles: Anatomy, Support & Movement

Which of the following is the structure that can cause problems associated with carpal tunnel syndrome?

Flexor retinaculum - Forearm Muscles: Anatomy, Support & Movement

Which of the following gluteal muscles is the most deep?

Gluteus minimus - Hip Muscles: Anatomy, Support & Movement

Which of the following hip muscles would be involved in performing a sit-up?

Iliopsoas group - Hip Muscles: Anatomy, Support & Movement

The Trapezius muscles serves to retract the shoulder and work to extend the neck. Why is this functionality important?

It helps to hold the shoulder in place. - Shoulder Muscles: Anatomy, Support & Movement

How does the tibialis anterior differ from most leg muscles?

It is anterior and produces dorsiflexion. - Leg Muscles: Anatomy, Support & Movement

A muscle originates on the scapula and inserts on the dorsal side of the humerus. What type of movement would be generated by this muscle?

Lateral rotation of arm - Shoulder Muscles: Anatomy, Support & Movement

The scapula is elevated and stabilized by another muscle that originates from the cervical vertebrae. What muscle is responsible for this function?

Levator scapulae - Shoulder Muscles: Anatomy, Support & Movement

Identify the connective tissue structure to which abdominal muscles attach.

Linea alba - Axial Muscles: Trunk Muscles Anatomy & Support

Which of the following muscles are deep to the latissimus dorsi and superior to the multifidus?

Longisimuss thoracis - Muscles of the Vertebral Column: Support & Movement

Identify the nerve that innervates the flexor carpi radialis.

Median nerve - Forearm Muscles: Anatomy, Support & Movement

Consider a person bending to the side. If they experience pain, which of the following muscles would most likely be injured?

Multifidus - Muscles of the Vertebral Column: Support & Movement

Which of the following muscles extends the hand and fingers?

NOT Extensor carpi longus - Forearm Muscles: Anatomy, Support & Movement

At which point are the superficial erector spinae muscles together?

NOT Insertion on skull - Muscles of the Vertebral Column: Support & Movement

Consider a person nodding yes in response to a question. What articulation occurs at the chin as it draws close to the neck?

NOT Protraction - How Muscular Contraction Causes Articulation: Definition & Types

Consider a person grabbing a hammer. What articulation is performed by the thumb?

Opposition - How Muscular Contraction Causes Articulation: Definition & Types

The pectoralis major is involved in the bench press exercise in which the arms flex towards the middle of the body. This muscle is proximally attached to the shoulder via the clavicle and chest via the sternum, while distally attached to the humerus. Identify the origin and insertion of the muscle respectively.

Origin: sternum and clavicle; Insertion: humerus - Muscle Origin and Insertion: Definition and Actions

What is the most common origin for muscles that move the thigh?

Pelvic girdle - Hip Muscles: Anatomy, Support & Movement

Which of the following terms is found in muscles that move the thumb?

Pollicis - Forearm Muscles: Anatomy, Support & Movement

Wendy is a receptionist and spends a great deal of her workday typing. Which of the following muscles allows her to turn her hand palm-down to perform the essential duties of her job?

Pronator teres - Arm Muscles: Anatomy, Support & Movement

Which of the following terms means straight?

Rectus - Axial Muscles: Trunk Muscles Anatomy & Support

If we're playing soccer and we extend our leg to kick a ball, then which of the following muscles are we using to perform this action?

Rectus Femoris - Thigh Muscles: Anatomy, Support & Movement

Which of the following muscles is named according to its straight muscle fibers?

Rectus Femoris - Thigh Muscles: Anatomy, Support & Movement

If a body builder is working hard to develop their six-pack, then which of the following muscles are they actually trying to develop?

Rectus abdominus - Axial Muscles: Trunk Muscles Anatomy & Support

Identify the leg flexor muscle located on the anterior surface of the thigh.

Sartorius - Thigh Muscles: Anatomy, Support & Movement

Which of the following nerves innervates some of the thigh muscles?

Sciatic Nerve - Thigh Muscles: Anatomy, Support & Movement

Which of the following muscles is part of the rotator cuff and works to enable shoulder rotation?

Subscapularis - Shoulder Muscles: Anatomy, Support & Movement

Earl is a band conductor. When he turns his hands palm-up and raises them up to the sky, this signals to the students that they need to increase the volume of their instruments. Earl is able to make this motion with his hands as a result of which muscle?

Supinator - Arm Muscles: Anatomy, Support & Movement

What structure attaches muscle to bone?

Tendon - Muscle Origin and Insertion: Definition and Actions

What is the difference between the flexor digitorum longus and the extensor digitorum longus?

The flexor digitorum longus is located in the posterior part of the leg, while the extensor digitorum longus is located in the anterior part of the leg. - Leg Muscles: Anatomy, Support & Movement

Muscles that make up the hips, legs, shoulders, and arms are known as _____, while the muscles that make up the thorax, neck, and head are known as _____.

appendicular; axial - Muscles of the Head and Neck: Anatomy, Motion & Support

Consider an individual who needs surgery to reattach his biceps tendon to his forearm. He requests the surgeon reattach the tendon in such a way to increase the strength of his forearm flexion. What would the surgeon need to do to accomplish his request?

attach the biceps tendon further away from the elbow - How Muscle Levers Affect Muscle Efficiency

The lower appendage from the elbow to the wrist is known as the _____, while the upper appendage from the shoulder to the elbow is referred to as the _____.

forearm; arm - Arm Muscles: Anatomy, Support & Movement

The body's lever system utilizes the joint, which is known as the _____, the muscular contraction, called _____, and the weight of the body, referred to as _____.

fulcrum; force; load - How Muscle Levers Affect Muscle Efficiency

Consider a person who has lost the ability to wrinkle his forehead. Which of the following muscles may be the cause of the problem?

occipitofrontalis - Muscles of the Head and Neck: Anatomy, Motion & Support

Which of the following muscles are sometimes referred to as the 'obliques of the neck' since they are responsible for bringing your chin to your chest and bringing your ear to your shoulder?

sternocleidomastoids - Muscles of the Head and Neck: Anatomy, Motion & Support

To push a barbell up during the bench press, what is happening to the forearm and which muscle is primarily used for this movement?

the forearm is being extended, which uses the triceps brachii - Arm Muscles: Anatomy, Support & Movement

How many muscles help produce plantar flexion?

6 - Leg Muscles: Anatomy, Support & Movement

Which of the following is NOT a part of the Quadriceps Femoris group of muscles?

Biceps Femoris - Thigh Muscles: Anatomy, Support & Movement

When the classic cartoon character, Popeye, would show his 'guns' to Olive Oil, which muscle was he flexing?

Biceps brachii - Arm Muscles: Anatomy, Support & Movement

Which of the following muscles do NOT assist breathing?

External extracostals - Axial Muscles: Trunk Muscles Anatomy & Support

How are we able to roll our eyes?

The inferior and superior oblique muscles that wrap around the eye are responsible for the rolling eye movement. - Muscles of the Head and Neck: Anatomy, Motion & Support

The latissimus dorsi is a large back muscle responsible for the bulk of adduction of the arm (pulling the arm to the sides of the body). The teres major is a much smaller muscle that helps to start adduction of the arm when it is fully extended. Which muscle is the agonist, and why?

The latissimus dorsi, because it's primarily responsible for adduction of the arm. - Muscle Origin and Insertion: Definition and Actions

If someone is doing a sit-up exercise, then what is happening on the muscular level?

The rectus abdominus is flexing the vertebral column. - Axial Muscles: Trunk Muscles Anatomy & Support

Which of the following is accurate of all erector spinae muscles?

They're responsible for extension of the vertebral column. - Muscles of the Vertebral Column: Support & Movement

Which of the following are NOT considered erector spinae muscles?

Trapezius - Muscles of the Vertebral Column: Support & Movement

Which of the following demonstrates a first-class lever system?

a pair of scissors - How Muscle Levers Affect Muscle Efficiency

A machine is built with a lever system to move heavy loads. Which of the following would be the most efficient in terms of moving a heavy load with relatively little effort or force?

a second-class lever - How Muscle Levers Affect Muscle Efficiency

Aimee walks into a restaurant with her boyfriend where she is expecting to celebrate her 40th birthday. Instead, she is greeted by fifty of her closest friends and family members who have shown up to a surprise party in celebration of her milestone birthday. Aimee is so shocked that her jaw almost hits the floor, and she is speechless. Which muscle allowed Amy to open her mouth?

digastric - Muscles of the Head and Neck: Anatomy, Motion & Support