chapter 15 Management

What is the technology life cycle?

A predictable pattern that technical innovations follow.

Which of the following are key factors that lead to sustained success? (Choose every correct answer.)

A strategy that is focused on customers A culture that empowers and motivates employees

World-class organizations do which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.)

Abandon outdated methods Adopt effective new strategies Produce high-value merchandise

What is one thing a company can do if it needs to acquire proprietary technology but it does not have the available skills and resources associated with developing the technology?

Acquire the owner of the technology

______ are companies that take the current industry structure and its future evolution as givens.

Adapters

Which of the following strategies are common to world-class companies? (Choose every correct answer.)

Applying new research and knowledge Operating at high standards

How can managers make sure technology improves workers' lives and reaches its potential?

By training workers to control the technology

Which of the following are accurate statements about collaboration and competition? (Choose every correct answer.)

Collaboration is not going to completely take the place of competition. Competition has both beneficial and harmful aspects. Competitors will often become collaborators.

______ requires using every possible channel and opportunity to reinforce the vision.

Communicating the change vision

Which characteristics are essential to the success of enduringly great companies? (Choose every correct answer.)

Continuous change Strong goals, including stretch goals Strong core values

_______ means expanding your horizons by exploring, discovering, and taking action to improve yourself throughout your career.

Continuous learning

A development project is an intense organizational push to do what?

Create a new product or process based on technological innovation.

________ means putting together a group with enough power to lead a change.

Creating a guiding coalition

Which of the following are broad-based actions that facilitate change? (Choose every correct answer.)

Encouraging risk taking Empowering people

Which term describes someone who invents new products or finds ways to revise old products?

Entrepreneur

What are the four key factors that lead organizations to sustained success? (Choose every correct answer.)

Execution includes good people with the authority to make decisions. Structure should make the organization easy to work in. Strategy should be focused on customers. Culture should motivate and empower.

What is the main thing a company must allow if innovation is to thrive?

Failure

Which of the following statements accurately describe first-mover advantages? (Choose every correct answer.)

First-movers can charge higher prices because they have little competition. First-movers are able to find the best niche markets. First-movers can protect their technology by using patents.

Which of the following are disadvantages of being a first-mover? (Choose every correct answer.)

First-movers need to be educated about the new technology. New technology can make the company's existing products undesirable. Many new products require the development of expensive complimentary products.

What is one option for a company if it needs a nonproprietary technology that is not available for sale?

Form a research partnership

Which sentences accurately describe the technology life cycle? (Choose every correct answer.)

In the middle of the cycle, a dominant design becomes prominent. Its early stages can be slow while companies experiment with products. Eventually product development slows and the market gets saturated.

In regard to the ability to cope with a changing environment, which of the following characteristics of small start-up businesses are often lacking in larger corporations? (Choose every correct answer.)

Individual responsibility Shared leadership Individual creativity

Even after word processing became an accepted technology, some people still resisted using it because they were comfortable with their old ways of preparing documents. What is the term for this type of resistance to change?

Inertia

Which of the following are reasons for people to resist change within an organization? (Choose every correct answer.)

Inertia Timing Surprise

Which option is most likely to ensure that an organization will enjoy exclusive use of new technology?

Internal development

How can being a first-mover be a disadvantage to a company?

It is expensive for first-movers to develop products based on new technology.

What is the disadvantage of developing new technology within a company?

It requires additional funding and staff.

What is the disadvantage of purchasing a new technology?

It will not offer a competitive advantage.

Which idea should you keep in mind to guide you as you move into the future?

Keeping a long-term perspective while addressing short-term issues is the best approach.

What are the most common reasons that innovation fails to generate profits in business? (Choose every correct answer.)

Lack of coordinated efforts Money being spent on the wrong things Unwillingness to take risks

Which two categories make up the largest percentage of technology adopters?

Late majority Early majority

Which strategy lets a company maintain an advantage by being less expensive than its competitors?

Low cost

Determining the idealized state of affairs that is expected to occur after the change has been made is part of ______.

Make career choices based on personal growth Develop marketable skills Look for positions that stretch you

Which of the following statements is true about educating people about upcoming changes?

Management should educate people before the changes occur.

Which of the following statements are true concerning how managers should integrate new technology into the workplace? (Choose every correct answer.)

Managers should make sure technology serves the workers. It may be wise to change HR practices when new technology is introduced.

Which groups are likely to develop new technology? (Choose every correct answer.)

Manufacturers Government agencies Universities

What is the term for using behavioral science throughout the system to improve organizational effectiveness?

Organization development

Which of the following could be a disruptive innovation? (Choose every correct answer.)

Product Service Business model

What are the three basic stages to manage resistance during a change in the workplace?

Refreezing Unfreezing Moving

What basic rules from the 3M company are often copied to encourage innovation? (Choose every correct answer.)

Research and development are strongly supported. Instead of blocking what employees are trying to do, the company helps its team succeed. The company's efforts are directed toward serving customers.

What graphical representation represents the adoption of a typical new technology?

S-shape

Which characteristics are essential to the success of enduringly great companies? (Choose every correct answer.)

Strong goals, including stretch goals Strong core values Continuous change

Which of the following are sources of new technologies? (Choose every correct answer.)

Suppliers The government Universities

How does followership affect companies? (Choose every correct answer.)

Technology followership affects different companies in different ways. Followers can avoid costs and risks by observing the actions of leaders.

What is the result of the high profits often made by first-adopters?

The ability to attract customers with low prices.

What feature does technology followership share with technology leadership?

The ability to support both low-cost and differentiation strategies.

What are the three basic stages of implementing change within an organization?

Unfreezing, instituting the change, and refreezing

Which beliefs are examples of "tyranny of the or"? (Choose every correct answer.)

You can invest in the future or do well short term. You can be conservative or bold.

Leading authors on career management advise that individuals must actively manage their own careers by developing marketable skills, choosing careers based on learning opportunities, and ________. (Choose every correct answer.)

assessing personal strengths and weaknesses seeking environments that provide training

Although they are useful for keeping discipline and productivity in a company, the administrative personnel that form a company's ______ typically inhibit innovation.

bureaucracy

Using every possible channel and opportunity to reinforce the vision and required new behaviors is the facet of change leadership that involves communicating the_______ vision

change

In ______, a company pays another organization (such as an independent or government research laboratory) to invent technology for it.

contacted development

Honestly assessing the reasons behind your successes and failures, constantly analyzing issues and possible solutions, and taking action to make your plans come to fruition are ways to improve your competitive advantage through _________ learning

continuous

A(n) ______ devises new products or finds ways to revise old products.

entrepreneur

Identifying crises and opportunities is the element of leading change called ______.

establishing a sense of urgency

Sometimes employees resist change because they feel comfortable and happy doing things the old way. This is called ______.

inertia

When an organization allows itself to become comfortable with the old ways of doing things and resists trying something new, it is exhibiting ______.

inertia

Successfully managing change requires shared

leadership

The question an organization asks itself about whether to acquire new technology from an outside source or develop it is known as a(n) ______ decision.

make-or-buy

Using behavioral science throughout the system to improve an organization's effectiveness is known as ______.

organization development

The difference between an organization's actual performance and the performance it should have is called a ______.

performance gap

Creating the future, rather than simply responding to events as they occur, is dependent on ______ change.

proactive

Executives in ______ firms are more concerned about the opportunity costs of not taking action than they are about the potential to fail.

prospector

The process of identifying which technologies are most important for an organization is called a(n) ______.

technology audit

An apparel manufacturer wants to develop a technology for a temperature-regulating textile that adjusts automatically to the wearer's body temperature, but the manufacturer is not sure whether such a textile can be developed. What is the company unsure about?

the innovation's technical feasability

Companies that have achieved long-term greatness tend to care most about competing with ______.

their own past successes

Eric is a sales manager for a textile company. He has just been told that the software conversion that he suggested is finally going to occur this week. Eric's annual sales report is due Friday. Eric would most likely resist this change because of ______.

timing

Managers introducing change when employees are stressed or busy may face resistance to change due to poor

timing

______ organizational change involves introducing and sustaining multiple policies practices and procedures across multiple units and levels.

total

Introducing and sustaining numerous policies, practices, and procedures across numerous units and levels is referred to as ______ change.

total organizational

The belief that things must be either A or B and cannot be both, and that only one goal and not another can be attained is referred to as ______.

tyranny of the or

In the ______ stage of managing resistance, management realizes that it must break out of its present mold by doing things differently.

unfreezing