Chapter 1: Plants in our Lives
Disaccharide
two sugar molecules chemically bonded together ex: sucrose (1 glucose + 1 fructose)
Spores
where fungus perform sexual reproduction
Carpels
where the fruit will develop
what is the smallest carb?
Monosaccharides (the simple sugars)
Secondary Consumer
if a cow ate a plant and then a human ate that cow
Primary Consumer
if a human ate a plant directly
Prokaryotic Cells
lack a discernible internal organization no organized nucleus or other obvious membrane-bound structures they have hereditary material and carry out activities of life
Proteins
large complex macromolecules composed of Amino Acids
Lipids
largely composed of only carbon and hydrogen and sometimes a small amount of oxygen what all lipids have in common is that they are insoluble in water
Polypeptide Chains
long chains of amino acids
Polysaccharides
many thousands of sugar molecules bonded together 3 most important polysaccharide: starch, glycogen, and cellulose (all composed of repeating glucose molecules, but have diff chem bonding and arrangements)
Angiosperms
most economically important members of the plant kingdom wheat, rice, corn, etc.
all amino acids have what common backbone
nitrogen atom and two carbons N-C-C (differ only in the side group (R-group) attached to a central carbon atom
Eukaryotic Cell
nucleus containing hereditary material is clearly visible, and different metabolic activities are compartmentalized into organelles
Photosynthesis
plants and algae use solar energy to convert CO2 and water into sugars, and are as such, the Producers of the food chain
Gymnosperms
seeds are generally produced in cones one group consists of conifers
organelles
specialized membrane bound structures
what are the sexual reproductive parts on an angiosperm?
stamens and carpels
Mycelium
threadlike fungal body
three pyrimidine bases
thymine, cytosine, and uracil (uracil replaces thymine in RNA)
Lipid Compounds
triglycerides, phospholipids, waxes, and steroids
how many Amino Acids are common to all life forms
20
6 Fundamental Properties of Life
1. Growth and Reproduction 2. Ability to Respond 3. Ability to Evolve and Adapt 4. Metabolism 5. Organized Structure 6.Organic Composition
all living organisms are composed mainly of what four compounds? (MOLECULES OF LIFE)
1. carbohydrates 2. proteins 3. lipids 4. nucleic acids
two of the most important metabolic reactions
1. cellular respiration (occurs in all living things) 2. photosynthesis (occurs in plants and algae)
four necessities in life
1. food 2. clothing 3. shelter 4. fuel
Angiosperms are divided into what two groups?
1. monocots (lilies, grasses, palms, and orchids) 2. dicots (geraniums, roses, tomatoes, dandelions)
A typical angiosperm contains what four things?
1. sepals 2. petals 3. stamens 4. one or more carpals
Carbohydrates include what 3 things?
1. sugars 2. starches 3. cellulose
the chem composition of life is based on what element?
Carbon
what is a major structure component of fungal cell walls?
Chitin
except for bacteria, all other organisms are composed of what types of cells?
Eukaryotic Cells
the MOLECULES OF LIFE often exist as a large thing called what?
Macromolecules
Scientific Method
Observation -> Hypothesis ->Predictions -> Experimentation
Bacteria are what kind of cells
Prokaryotic Cells
Maltose
a Disaccharide contains two glucose molecules
two purine bases
adenine and guanine
Peptide Bond
attaches Amino Acids
what is the most primitive type of cell?
bacteria
Carbs are composed of what?
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Nucleic Acids contain what elements?
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus
what elements are found in protein?
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfer
what is the basic structure of life?
cells
what is a major structural component of plant cell walls?
cellulose
which carb is a structural material
cellulose
Nucleic Acids
composed of repeating units called Nucleotides (consist of sugar (either Ribose or Deoxyribose), s phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base (purine or pyrimidine) ex: RNA and DNA
Monosaccharides
contain only one sugar molecule best example is glucose and fructose
Algae
diverse group of photosynthetic organisms that are found in marine and freshwater habitats serve as base of food chain
Non-photosynthetic
ex: Fungus obtain their nourishment from decaying organic matter as parasites of living hosts
which carb is energy for cells?
glucose
What two things are storage molecules?
glycogen (fungi, bacteria, and animals) and starch (green plants)
