Chapter 1: Plants in our Lives

Disaccharide

two sugar molecules chemically bonded together ex: sucrose (1 glucose + 1 fructose)

Spores

where fungus perform sexual reproduction

Carpels

where the fruit will develop

what is the smallest carb?

Monosaccharides (the simple sugars)

Secondary Consumer

if a cow ate a plant and then a human ate that cow

Primary Consumer

if a human ate a plant directly

Prokaryotic Cells

lack a discernible internal organization no organized nucleus or other obvious membrane-bound structures they have hereditary material and carry out activities of life

Proteins

large complex macromolecules composed of Amino Acids

Lipids

largely composed of only carbon and hydrogen and sometimes a small amount of oxygen what all lipids have in common is that they are insoluble in water

Polypeptide Chains

long chains of amino acids

Polysaccharides

many thousands of sugar molecules bonded together 3 most important polysaccharide: starch, glycogen, and cellulose (all composed of repeating glucose molecules, but have diff chem bonding and arrangements)

Angiosperms

most economically important members of the plant kingdom wheat, rice, corn, etc.

all amino acids have what common backbone

nitrogen atom and two carbons N-C-C (differ only in the side group (R-group) attached to a central carbon atom

Eukaryotic Cell

nucleus containing hereditary material is clearly visible, and different metabolic activities are compartmentalized into organelles

Photosynthesis

plants and algae use solar energy to convert CO2 and water into sugars, and are as such, the Producers of the food chain

Gymnosperms

seeds are generally produced in cones one group consists of conifers

organelles

specialized membrane bound structures

what are the sexual reproductive parts on an angiosperm?

stamens and carpels

Mycelium

threadlike fungal body

three pyrimidine bases

thymine, cytosine, and uracil (uracil replaces thymine in RNA)

Lipid Compounds

triglycerides, phospholipids, waxes, and steroids

how many Amino Acids are common to all life forms

20

6 Fundamental Properties of Life

1. Growth and Reproduction 2. Ability to Respond 3. Ability to Evolve and Adapt 4. Metabolism 5. Organized Structure 6.Organic Composition

all living organisms are composed mainly of what four compounds? (MOLECULES OF LIFE)

1. carbohydrates 2. proteins 3. lipids 4. nucleic acids

two of the most important metabolic reactions

1. cellular respiration (occurs in all living things) 2. photosynthesis (occurs in plants and algae)

four necessities in life

1. food 2. clothing 3. shelter 4. fuel

Angiosperms are divided into what two groups?

1. monocots (lilies, grasses, palms, and orchids) 2. dicots (geraniums, roses, tomatoes, dandelions)

A typical angiosperm contains what four things?

1. sepals 2. petals 3. stamens 4. one or more carpals

Carbohydrates include what 3 things?

1. sugars 2. starches 3. cellulose

the chem composition of life is based on what element?

Carbon

what is a major structure component of fungal cell walls?

Chitin

except for bacteria, all other organisms are composed of what types of cells?

Eukaryotic Cells

the MOLECULES OF LIFE often exist as a large thing called what?

Macromolecules

Scientific Method

Observation -> Hypothesis ->Predictions -> Experimentation

Bacteria are what kind of cells

Prokaryotic Cells

Maltose

a Disaccharide contains two glucose molecules

two purine bases

adenine and guanine

Peptide Bond

attaches Amino Acids

what is the most primitive type of cell?

bacteria

Carbs are composed of what?

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Nucleic Acids contain what elements?

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus

what elements are found in protein?

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfer

what is the basic structure of life?

cells

what is a major structural component of plant cell walls?

cellulose

which carb is a structural material

cellulose

Nucleic Acids

composed of repeating units called Nucleotides (consist of sugar (either Ribose or Deoxyribose), s phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base (purine or pyrimidine) ex: RNA and DNA

Monosaccharides

contain only one sugar molecule best example is glucose and fructose

Algae

diverse group of photosynthetic organisms that are found in marine and freshwater habitats serve as base of food chain

Non-photosynthetic

ex: Fungus obtain their nourishment from decaying organic matter as parasites of living hosts

which carb is energy for cells?

glucose

What two things are storage molecules?

glycogen (fungi, bacteria, and animals) and starch (green plants)