Chapter 15 The Respiratory System -Diseases

Histoplasmosis

a fungal infection that occurs worlswide and is mostly caught by in the "valley", 3 forms : primary ACUTE, progressive dissseminated, and CHRONIC pulmonary and with Coldlike symptoms initially, progressing to involve liver, spleen, and lymph glands, productive cough, dyspnea, weakness

Epistaxis

a nosebleed

COPD (painful breathing)

a progressive ,chronic complex disease that is usually the result of a combination of respiratory disorders with symptoms marked dyspnea, productive cough, frequent respiratory infections, barrel chest, respiratory failure

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

a symptom associated with CHRONIC lung disease or left ventricular failure (heart disease) awaken from sleep with feeling of suffocation

Pneumothorax

air or gas that has accumulated between 2 pleural (surrounds the lungs) layers , causing collapse of the lung tissue ; sudden sharp pain, unequal chest wall expansion, may be chest wound; weak rapid pulse, dyspnea, lung collapse

Age related body characteristics

childhood asthma can be mild to severe, often outgrown or greatly improved as child grows older; if not outgrown, repeated inflammation and bronchial constriction contribute to the alveoli progressively losing function , bronchitis and pneumonia become more frequent.

Pneumonoconiosis (environmental)

environmental disease causing dyspnea , lack of oxygen, bronchial congestion ; 3 types : SILICOSIS (exposed to sand blasting), ASBESTOSIS (get it from mining) , Black Lung Disease (get it from cold mines)

Pulmonary edema

fluid collection within lung tissue associated with heart disease; causes dyspnea, orthopnea, frothy bloody sputum

SIDS

prolonged apnea in infants , irregular heart rate , severe lack of oxygen

Allergic Rhinitis

reaction to airborne allergens causing sneezing, profuse water nasal discharge , and nasal congestion

Pleurisy

sharp, stabbing pain with lung respirations, some dyspnea, usually one sided

Pleural effusion

the presence of excess fluid in the pleural space ; Hypoxia due to the presence of excess fluid in the pleural space

Emphysema (the scarring)

Inability to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide, causing chronic cough , pursed-lips breathing, cyanosis, weight loss

Legionnaire's Disease

ACUTE brenchopneumonia (pneumonia at the top of the lung), usually occurs in late summer or early fall; Diarrhea, lack of appetite, headache, chills, fever that persists and develops within 12-48 hours (TEMP: 105F) , weakness , grayish sputum

Tuberculosis

ACUTE or CHRONIC , highly contagious causing nodular lesions and patchy infiltration of lung tissue causing fatigue , weakness, lack of appetite , weight loss, night sweats

Pneumonia

Acute infection causing coughing, sputum, chills, fever, pleural chest pain; impairs exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

Influenza

Acute, contagious disease with chills, fever , headache , muscular aches, non-productive cough

URI

(refers to symptoms with common cold) sore throat, nasal congestion, headache, burning, watery eyes, fever, non-productive cough

Bronchitis

An infectious , acute , or chronically developed disease that results in inflammation of the bronchial walls and narrowing of the airways producing thick mucus. causing wheezing , dyspnea, productive cough

Asthma

Chronic disorder characterized by swelling, inflammation and constricting of the bronchi and bronchioles. Bronchospasms; an allergic disorder causing wheezing, dyspnea, sputum production

Pulmonary embolism

Dyspnea, chest pain, rapid heart, productive cough, low grade fever ; caused by blood vessel obstruction

Laryngitis

inflammation of the larynx (vocal cords)(voice box) , occurs in both ACUTE and CHRONIC forms , symptoms hoarseness, minimal or complete loss of voice , pain when talking or swallowing, a dry cough or fever, and malaise. Excessive use of the voice, inhalation of smoke or fumes, abuse of alcohol, exposure to irritants

Atelectasis

lack of air in the lungs resulting from collapse of the alveolus (air sacs) . Dyspnea due to collapse of the alveoli

Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)

mysteriously kills infants, aka HMD (hyaline membrane disease) , ones affected between birth and 8 months of age are at higher risk, normal breaths become rapid and shallow, symptoms causing respiratory distress, rapid and shallow breathing , retracted sternum, flared nostrils, grunting