Chapter 16
Which of the following is MOST resistant to disinfection? a. Prions b. Bacterial spores c. Helminth eggs d. Mycobacteria
prions
Match the following drug to its action: A nucleoside analog that prevents HIV replication by reverse transcriptase Tamiflu, AZT, Interferon, or Protease Inhibitor
AZT
Match the following drug to its action: An antiviral agent produced by infected cells that is used to treat chronic hepatitis Tamiflu, AZT, Interferon, or Protease Inhibitor
Interferon
What country has the highest life expectancy? a. USA b. Finland c. France d. Monaco
Monaco
Which would NOT be considered a method of chemical disinfection? a. Pasteurization b. Hydrogen Peroxide c. Halogenation d. Heavy metals
Pasteurization
Match the following drug to its action: Interferes with neuraminidase spikes necessary for the release and spread of influenza from an infected cell. Tamiflu, AZT, Interferon, or Protease Inhibitor
Tamiflu
What is the main reason health experts are skeptical of the effectiveness of antibiotic soaps?
antibacterial agents need time to work
Why are biofilms a challenge for treatment of bacterial disease?
antibiotic cannot reach the pathogen
Who are the "gatekeepers" of the cell? a. cell wall b. cell membrane c. ribosomes d. mitochondria
cell membrane
Which of the following chemicals exert a very reactive and oligodynamic effect on microbes? a. halogens b. alcohols c. formaldehydes d. heavy metals e. peroxides
heavy metals
_______________ is a mechanism by which genes are passed from one mature bacterial cell to another.
horizontal gene transfer
What is the mechanism of activity of penicillin? interference with a. metabolic activity b. nucleic acid synthesis c. cell wall synthesis d. protein synthesis
interference with cell wall synthesis
What is the mechanism of activity of tetracycline? interference with a. metabolic activity b. nucleic acid synthesis c. cell wall synthesis d. protein synthesis
interference with protein synthesis
If an antibiotic inhibits the production of the enzyme transpeptidase, what will likely be affected in the targeted pathogen?
the cell wall
True or False: Antibiotic resistant strains of Enterococci and Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) have arisen against vancomycin, on of the "last antibiotic strongholds," against these bacteria
true
It has been stated that control of lethal diseases was due to all of the following EXCEPT a. urban improvements b. public health c. untreated water d. superior nutrition
untreated water
What is considered the "last stronghold" antibiotic?
vancomycin
The discovery of penicillin is credited to ___________________
Alexander Flemming
Match the following drug to its action: Prevents cutting polypeptide into functional proteins Tamiflu, AZT, Interferon, or Protease Inhibitor
Protease Inhibitor
Polymyxin B would most likely affect which structure/process in the pathogen? a. protein synthesis would cease b. cell membrane would become more permeable c. cell wall would become less stable d. cell wall would stop secreting toxins
cell membrane would become more permeable
Selective toxicity is exhibited by penicillin because this drug interferes with a. cell wall production b. protein synthesis c. membrane synthesis d. DNA replication e. RNA transcription
cell wall production
β-lactam antibiotics inhibit
cell wall synthesis
_______________ is defined as killing or inactivating microbes that cause disease.
disinfection
An antibiotic that inhibits what pathogen process would be best to combat Clostridium perfringens? a. cell wall synthesis b. cell membrane function c. protein synthesis d. nucleic acid production
protein synthesis
What is the structure where protein synthesis takes place in the cell?
ribosome
Which drug(s) acts by molecular mimicry? a. polymyxins b. sulfa drugs c. erythromycin d. quinolones
sulfa drugs
Which of the following is an antiviral agent? a. Tamiflu b. Penicillin c. Streptomycin d. all of the above
tamiflu
What is one of the most common physical controls of microbial growth?
temperature