Chapter 16

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Which of the following is MOST resistant to disinfection? a. Prions b. Bacterial spores c. Helminth eggs d. Mycobacteria

prions

Match the following drug to its action: A nucleoside analog that prevents HIV replication by reverse transcriptase Tamiflu, AZT, Interferon, or Protease Inhibitor

AZT

Match the following drug to its action: An antiviral agent produced by infected cells that is used to treat chronic hepatitis Tamiflu, AZT, Interferon, or Protease Inhibitor

Interferon

What country has the highest life expectancy? a. USA b. Finland c. France d. Monaco

Monaco

Which would NOT be considered a method of chemical disinfection? a. Pasteurization b. Hydrogen Peroxide c. Halogenation d. Heavy metals

Pasteurization

Match the following drug to its action: Interferes with neuraminidase spikes necessary for the release and spread of influenza from an infected cell. Tamiflu, AZT, Interferon, or Protease Inhibitor

Tamiflu

What is the main reason health experts are skeptical of the effectiveness of antibiotic soaps?

antibacterial agents need time to work

Why are biofilms a challenge for treatment of bacterial disease?

antibiotic cannot reach the pathogen

Who are the "gatekeepers" of the cell? a. cell wall b. cell membrane c. ribosomes d. mitochondria

cell membrane

Which of the following chemicals exert a very reactive and oligodynamic effect on microbes? a. halogens b. alcohols c. formaldehydes d. heavy metals e. peroxides

heavy metals

_______________ is a mechanism by which genes are passed from one mature bacterial cell to another.

horizontal gene transfer

What is the mechanism of activity of penicillin? interference with a. metabolic activity b. nucleic acid synthesis c. cell wall synthesis d. protein synthesis

interference with cell wall synthesis

What is the mechanism of activity of tetracycline? interference with a. metabolic activity b. nucleic acid synthesis c. cell wall synthesis d. protein synthesis

interference with protein synthesis

If an antibiotic inhibits the production of the enzyme transpeptidase, what will likely be affected in the targeted pathogen?

the cell wall

True or False: Antibiotic resistant strains of Enterococci and Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) have arisen against vancomycin, on of the "last antibiotic strongholds," against these bacteria

true

It has been stated that control of lethal diseases was due to all of the following EXCEPT a. urban improvements b. public health c. untreated water d. superior nutrition

untreated water

What is considered the "last stronghold" antibiotic?

vancomycin

The discovery of penicillin is credited to ___________________

Alexander Flemming

Match the following drug to its action: Prevents cutting polypeptide into functional proteins Tamiflu, AZT, Interferon, or Protease Inhibitor

Protease Inhibitor

Polymyxin B would most likely affect which structure/process in the pathogen? a. protein synthesis would cease b. cell membrane would become more permeable c. cell wall would become less stable d. cell wall would stop secreting toxins

cell membrane would become more permeable

Selective toxicity is exhibited by penicillin because this drug interferes with a. cell wall production b. protein synthesis c. membrane synthesis d. DNA replication e. RNA transcription

cell wall production

β-lactam antibiotics inhibit

cell wall synthesis

_______________ is defined as killing or inactivating microbes that cause disease.

disinfection

An antibiotic that inhibits what pathogen process would be best to combat Clostridium perfringens? a. cell wall synthesis b. cell membrane function c. protein synthesis d. nucleic acid production

protein synthesis

What is the structure where protein synthesis takes place in the cell?

ribosome

Which drug(s) acts by molecular mimicry? a. polymyxins b. sulfa drugs c. erythromycin d. quinolones

sulfa drugs

Which of the following is an antiviral agent? a. Tamiflu b. Penicillin c. Streptomycin d. all of the above

tamiflu

What is one of the most common physical controls of microbial growth?

temperature


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