Chapter 16

Emancipation Proclamation

1863: President Lincoln issued a preliminary proclamation on September 22, 1862, freeing the slaves in the Confederate states as of January 1, 1863, the final date of the proclamation

Fort Sumter

March 5, 1861:Lincoln's first day in office, read a letter from SC revelaing that time was running out on federal troops at Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor; urged to withdraw troops, but Lincoln said that pulling out of Fort Sumter would mean giving up on the union; ordered ships to resupply the 69 federal soldiers at fort sumter April 9: Davis decides to oppose Lincoln's efforts and attack the fort April 12: confederate shelling of of Fort Sumter began, after 34 hours the union troops surrendered and the Confederates took over; Fall of Fort Sumter started the Civil Warand ignited a wave of braco throughout the Southern states

Anaconda Strategy

Union general Winfield Scott developed this three-pronged strategy to defeat the Confederacy; like a snake strangling its prey, the union army would crush its enemy through exerting pressure on Richmond, blockading Confederate ports, and dividing the south by invading its major waterways

Thirteenth Amendment

amendment to the constitution that freed all slaves in the US; after the civil war ended, the former confederate states were required to ratify this amendment before they could be readmitted to the union

Jefferson Davis

first, and only, president of the Confederate States of America during the Civil War; when the confederacy defeat seemed inevitable in early 1865, he refused to surrender, Union forces captured him in May of that year

Confederate States of America

government set up in 1861 by seven slave states (i.e. states which permitted slavery) of the Lower South that had declared their secession from the United States following the November 1860 election of Abraham Lincoln. Those seven states created a "confederacy" in February 1861 before Lincoln took office in March. After war began in April, four states of the Upper South also declared their secession and were admitted to the Confederacy. The Confederacy later accepted two additional states as members (Missouri and Kentucky) although neither officially declared secession nor were ever controlled by Confederate forces