Chapter 16

Gabriel Prosser

in 1800, he gathered 1000 rebellious slaves outside of Richmond; but 2 Africans gave the plot away, and the Virginia militia stymied the uprising before it could begin, along with 35 others he was executed.

Natural Increase

Birth rate minus death rate. The birthrate must be higher than that of the death rate

Arthur and Lewis Tappan

In 1826, the brothers began to import silk from Asia, and they quickly earned a sizable fortune gave money to abolistionist causes and became very stong abolitionists

What do historians agree on about slavery? Disagree about?

Sophisticated economic historians have demonstrated that slavery would have withered away without a war. Other, more economic historians, say that slavery was a viable, profitable, expanding economic system.

The American Colonization Society

the name of the Society formed in 1817 to transport freeborn Black and emancipated slaves back to Africa?

HillBilly

they were the least prosperous nonslaveholding whites who were scorned even by slaves as "poor white trash".

"Sambo"

was an extreme sterotype of slaves. the sambo acted out the role that the white world expected them to. This was in most cases, only an act in front of the white people

Denmark Vesey

1822- he created a plan of free blacks to assault the white population, seize ships in the harbor, and burn Charleston and head for Santo Domingo- he was betrayed before it could happen. 25 supposed slave rebels were executed, 24 were deported and Charleston responded by curtailing the rights of free blacks who at that time outnumbered whites

William Lloyd Garrison

1805-1879. Prominent American abolitionist, journalist and social reformer. Editor of radical abolitionist newspaper "The Liberator", and one of the founders of the American Anti-Slavery Society.

Eugene Genovese

"From rebellion to revolution" marxist historian, believed whites were constantly under threat of a slavery uprising.

Breaker

"trainers" whose techniques consisted mostly in lavish laying on of the lash.

Nat Turner

(1800-1831) American slave leader, he claimed that divine inspiration had led him to end the slavery system. Called Nat Turner's Rebellion, the slave revolt was the most violent one in U.S. history; he was tried, convicted, and executed.

Harriet Beecher Stowe

(1811-1896) American author and daughter of Lyman Beecher, she was an abolitionist and author of the famous antislavery novel, Uncle Tom's Cabin.

Harriet Beecher Stowe (again)

(1811-1896) American author and daughter of Lyman Beecher, she was an abolitionist and author of the famous antislavery novel, Uncle Tom's Cabin.

Frederick Douglass

(1817-1895) American abolitionist and writer, he escaped slavery and became a leading African American spokesman and writer. He published his biography, The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, and founded the abolitionist newspaper, the North Star.

Sojourner Truth

(c.1797-1883) American evangelist and reformer, she was born an enslaved African but was later freed and became a speaker for abolition and women's suffrage

Emancipate

(v.) to free from slavery; to release or liberate

How did the Northerners view abolitionists? Did they have any success?

...The Abolitionists were for a long time unpopular in many parts of the North. Northerners had been brought up to revere the constitution and to regard the clauses on slavery as a lasting bargain.

List 2 negatives of this southern plantation economy mentioned by the authors

1. Plantation agriculture was wasteful and damaged the soil 2. Financial Instability 3. Repelled large scaled European Immigration

With slave importation outlawed since 1808, the slave population grew to a total of ____ million by 1860 primarily by natural reproduction. Unlike the North, wealth in the South was not held in monetary form, but rather in the form of land and _____. What did it mean to sell a slave "down the river?" Slaves were being sold from where to where?

4 million; Slaves

Cotton was king in both South and in Britian. By 1840, cotton amounted to ____ percent of U.S exports and accounted for more than _____ percent of the world's supply. Britain's economy was based on cotton textiles, and Britain got ______ percent of its fiber supply from the South. (No wonder Southerners thought England would "be tied to them by cotton threads" in the event of conflict with the north.)

50%, 50%, 75%

Although most slaves were owned by large-scale planters, most slave-owners held only a few slaves each, and often worked together with them in the fields. The chart on p. 353 shows that, out of 345000 slave-owning families, only about _____ families owned fifty or more slaves, representing about _______ percent of the total. Fully ______ percent of Southern whites owned no slaves at all. List two reasons cited by the authors to explain why many poor whites without slaves remained staunch defenders of the slave systems.

7929; 2.3%; about 75%; 1) Poor whites without slaves had the hope that they may one day have a large plantation of slaves 2) It gave poor whites a sense of social dominence, as they are not the lowest class.

Chivalry

A code that knights adopted requiring them to be brave, loyal ad true to their word

Cotton Gin

A machine for cleaning the seeds from cotton fibers, invented by Eli Whitney in 1794

Abolition

A person who wanted to end slavery

Overseer

A worker hired by a planter to watch over and direct the work of slaves.

Give evidence to show that slaves developed a seperate, unique culture. What circumstances made this possible?

African roots were also visible in the slave's religous practices. Though heavily Christianized by the itinerant evangelists of the Second Great Awakening, blacks in slavery molded their own distinctive religous forms from a mixture of Christian and African elements.

Deep South

Also know as the "lower south" or "cotton kingdom" is the area where the majority of the country's cotton was produced. Many people flocked to this area to find work

Chattel

An article of personal property as distinguished from real property. Slave

Wendell Phillips

An orator and associate of Garrison, Phillips was an influential abolitionist lecturer.

Peculiar institution

Another term for slavery; The owning of human beings existed in a country that practiced liberty.

Thomas Jefferson once said that having slaves waslike holding a wolf by the ears, you didn't like it but you couldn't let go. How does this section help to explain this statement?

If the blacks were freed, the whites may lose the racial power they have, and they may have also feared the freed slaves getting revenge (NOTE- not to sure about this answer)

Made by

Nicholas Tong

sold down the river

Nineteenth-centry America; slavery; wealthy homeowners would sell their house servants to plantations owners in the South. Servents were sent from tobacco-depleted virginia to mississippi valley.

Mulattoes

People of African and European descent

The _____ were among the first to advocate abolitionism. In the early 1820's, the emphasis was on sending ex-slaves back to Africa, espicially to the West African country of _____. A small minority of fervan abolitionists emerges in the 1830s, ecouraged by the freedom given by _____ to its West Indian slaves, and by the religous spirit of the Second Great ______. What is the essential difference between a radical abolitionist, such as William Lloyd ____, and a more practical or political abolitionist, such as the ex-slave Frederick ________.

Quakers; Republic of Liberia; Britian; Second Great Awakening; Garrison; Douglas 1) Frederick Douglas lectured widely for the cause, despite frequent beatings and threats against his life 2) While Frederick was as flexibly practical as Garrison was stubbornly principled, Garrison often appeared to be more about his own righteousness than in the substance of the slavery evil itself.

How did the South defend itself against the charges of abolitionists?

They launched a massive defense of slavery, promoting it as a positive good. They stated that it was supported by the bible and the wisdom of Aristotle.

How were the attitudes of William Lloyd Garrison and Frederick Douglass different? When dealing with an issue that is moral and political, how rigid should a person be?

While Garrison often appeared to be more interested in his own righteousness than in the substance of the slavery evil itself.

Explain the connection between the invention of the cotton gin by Eli _________ in 17__ and the rapid expansion of short-staple production based on slave labor in the south. If the cotton gin actually made picking seeds from cotton much easier, why did planters perceive a vastly increased need for slave labor?

Whitney, 1794

Lawrence Levine

Wrote Black Culture and Consciousness. Urges us to view culture as a process, rather than a fixed condition.

One Crop Economy

an economy that is dominated by the production of a single product.

Kenneth Stampp

author of "The Peculiar Institution". emphasized the brutality of slavery and said the system did serious physical and psychological damage to its victims. compared to a prison.

King Cotton

cotton and cotton-growing considered, in the pre-Civil War South, as a vital commodity, the major factor not only in the economy but also in politics.

Old South

described slave holding states when slave labor and cotton production dominated southern economy. aka Antebellum era

Yeoman Farmer

family farmers who hired out slaves for the harvest season, self-sufficient, participated in local markets alongside slave owners