Chapter 16 AP Euro

The enlightened policies of Frederick the Great included

freeing the Prussian serfs.

The discipline of natural philosophy focused on

fundamental questions about the nature, purpose, and function of the universe.

Copernicus's theory of the universe

postulated a sun-centered view of the universe.

Johannes Kepler believed that the elliptical orbit of planets

produced a musical harmony of heavenly bodies.

The most influential aspect of René Descartes' theories of nature was that

the universe functioned in a mechanistic fashion.

Francis Bacon formalized the research methods of Tycho Brahe and Galileo into a theory of reasoning known as

empiricism.

Catherine the Great's goal of domestic reform never came to fruition, owing to

the rebellion led by Emelian Pugachev in 1773.

What was the primary goal of Galileo Galilei's experimental method?

To discover what actually occurred in nature rather than to speculate on what should occur.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed that

women were best suited to a passive role in social relations.

What was the core concept of the Enlightenment?

The methods of natural science should be used to examine all aspects of life.

How did Isaac Newton's law of universal gravitation bring the Scientific Revolution to maturity?

It synthesized mathematics with physics and astronomy to demonstrate that the entire universe was unified into one coherent system.

Which powers participated in the partitioning of Poland in the late eighteenth century?

Prussia, Russia, and Austria

Rousseau's concept of the general will asserts that

the general will is not necessarily the will of the majority.

Voltaire was a deist who viewed God as akin to a

clockmaker who set the universe in motion and then ceased to intervene in human affairs.

How did Enlightenment thinkers differ from those of the Middle Ages and Renaissance?

Enlightenment thinkers believed that their era had surpassed antiquity, which demonstrated the possibility of human progress.

Which of the following correctly characterizes the response of various religious perspectives to Nicolaus Copernicus's hypothesis?

Protestants rejected Copernicus's idea that the earth moved, while the Catholic Church largely overlook his theory until declaring the hypothesis false in the seventeenth century.

A striking feature of the salons was that

philosophes, nobles, and members of the upper middle class intermingled.

In general, what was Voltaire's attitude toward government?

He believed that a good monarch was the best one could hope for in government.

Soft pastels, ornate interiors, and sentimental portraits are all characteristics of the style known as

rococo.

The concept of the reading revolution refers to the

shift from reading religious texts aloud as a family to reading diverse texts individually.