Chapter 16: Endocrine system quiz

17 Which hormone is NOT being synthesized if a goiter forms? FSH TH insulin renin

TH A goiter may form in the absence of iodine as colloid continues to be produced but cannot be iodinated to synthesize thyroid hormone.

5 The metabolic rate of most body tissues is controlled directly by __________. TSH FSH TH ADH ACTH

TH Thyroid hormones control the consumption of oxygen by all body tissues by way of an increase in glucose metabolism.

19 Which of the following is true about water-soluble hormones? They have a short half-life. They are bound to a transport protein while circulating in the blood. They cannot be stored in secretory vesicles. They are composed of lipids.

They have a short half-life. Water-soluble hormones exhibit the shortest half-life.

16 How do protein kinases affect enzymes? They break down an enzyme. They increase the release of an enzyme. They phosphorylate an enzyme. They increase the secretion of an enzyme.

They phosphorylate an enzyme. Protein kinases cause phosphorylation of the enzyme that either activates or inhibits it.

15 Eicosanoids are NOT true hormones because they __________. act locally mediate inflammatory reactions affect blood pressure are lipids

act locally Eicosanoids are not true hormones because they act locally, rather than on distal organs as do true hormones.

28 Resistin, an insulin antagonist, is a hormone produced by the __________. adipose tissue liver heart hypothalamus

adipose tissue Resistin is a hormone produced by the adipose tissue.

26 Osteitis fibrosa cystica is caused by __________. an increase in parathyroid hormone an increase of growth hormone in an adult an increase in ADH an increase in calcitonin

an increase in parathyroid hormone Osteitis fibrosa cystica is caused by a severe increase of parathyroid hormone.

10 The hypophyseal portal system transports releasing and inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus to the __________. adrenal glands ovaries anterior pituitary gland (adenohypophysis) parathyroid glands thyroid gland

anterior pituitary gland (adenohypophysis) It is by this portal system that releasing and inhibiting hormones secreted by neurons in the ventral hypothalamus circulate to the adenohypophysis, where they regulate secretion of its hormones.

2 Steroid hormones influence cellular activities by __________. using calcium ions as a second messenger activating cyclic AMP located outside the cell binding to DNA and forming a gene-hormone complex activating G proteins activating cyclic AMP located inside the cell

binding to DNA and forming a gene-hormone complex Steroid hormones enter the cell and form a DNA-hormone complex before they change cellular function.

29 Which of the following hormones does the skin produce? renin melatonin erythropoietin cholecalciferol

cholecalciferol

1 Which of the following is a second messenger involved in activating protein kinases? hormone receptor water-soluble hormone ATP phosphodiesterase cyclic AMP

cyclic AMP

5 Magnification of the hormone signal in the cell's cytoplasm is achieved through the generation of many ________. cyclic AMP adenylate cyclase plasma membrane receptor ATP phosphodiesterase

cyclic AMP

23 Hypersecretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) can occur in all of the following situations EXCEPT __________. after general anesthesia ectopic ADH secretion by pulmonary cancer damage to the pineal gland after neurosurgery

damage to the pineal gland Hypersecretion of ADH cannot occur from damage to the pineal gland.

25 A congenital condition that includes mental retardation; short, disproportional body size; and a thick tongue and neck is caused by __________. deficiency of thyroxin deficiency of thymosin excess of synthetic growth hormone insulin deficiency

deficiency of thyroxin A deficiency of thyroxin during fetal development would lead to a congenital condition known as cretinism, which includes mental retardation; short, disproportional body size; and a thick tongue and neck.

3 Sympathetic nerve stimuli are responsible for the release of __________. estrogen epinephrine thyroid hormone aldosterone insulin

epinephrine The preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic neurons stimulate the adrenal medulla to produce epinephrine and norepinephrine.

4 The chemical classification of hormones does NOT include __________. glucose-containing hormones protein-based hormones amino acid-based hormones steroid hormones cholesterol-containing hormones

glucose-containing hormones The chemical classification of hormones is either amino acid-based hormones (protein-based) or steroids (cholesterol-containing).

30 Atrial natriuretic peptide is a hormone that is secreted by the __________ and targets the kidneys and adrenal cortex. stomach lungs thymus heart

heart ANP is secreted by the heart in response to stretching of the atria and targets the kidneys and adrenal cortex to lower blood pressure.

7 The stimulus for producing insulin is __________. low glycogen concentration low blood amino acid concentration low blood fatty acid concentration high blood glucose concentration high blood nucleic acid concentration

high blood glucose concentration Excess glucose levels in the blood stimulate beta cells in the pancreas to secrete insulin.

6 The stimulus for secreting parathyroid hormone is a good example of a __________. pituitary gland stimulus hormonal stimulus hypothalamic stimulus humoral stimulus neural stimulus

humoral stimulus The declining levels of calcium ions in the blood control secretion of PTH, which is a humoral stimulus.

14 Which of the following organs is considered a neuroendocrine organ? pituitary pancreas hypothalamus pineal

hypothalamus The hypothalamus is considered a neuroendocrine organ.

9 Which of the following elements is required for the synthesis of thyroid hormone? sulfur iron iodine zinc copper

iodine The production of functional thyroid hormone requires iodine.

1 Which of the following is NOT a major endocrine organ but produces hormones in addition to its major excretory function? kidneys pituitary pancreas thymus

kidneys Kidney cells produce the hormones renin and erythropoietin, but their primary function is excretion of body waste.

20 The normal endocrine controls can be directly overridden by the __________ system. circulatory reproductive digestive nervous

nervous The normal endocrine controls can be directly overridden by the nervous system.

4 Where are G proteins located within a cell? on the inner surface of the plasma membrane floating freely in the cytoplasm inside the nucleus bound to cAMP in the plasma membrane attached to protein kinases in the cytoplasm

on the inner surface of the plasma membrane

11 Which of the following signals would affect local cells by releasing chemicals into the extracellular fluid? endocrine neural paracrine autocrine

paracrine Paracrine signals are local signals that affect adjacent cells.

12 Which of the following describes a hormone that CANNOT exhibit its full effect without the presence of another hormone? antagonism permissiveness assertiveness synergism

permissiveness In permissiveness, a hormone needs another hormone to be fully effective.

24 Iodination of thyroid hormones is mediated by __________. peroxidase enzymes the Golgi apparatus lysosomes in the cell colloid endocytosis

peroxidase enzymes Colloid endocytosis is involved in the formation of thyroid hormones but not at the iodination stage.

3 Water-soluble hormones diffuse from the bloodstream and bind to ______. protein kinases within the cytoplasm to phosphorylate other proteins cAMP in the plasma membrane ATP in the cytoplasm receptors on the surface of target cells adenylate cyclase in the plasma membrane

receptors on the surface of target cells

8 The transcription of new messenger RNA is a function of __________. posterior pituitary hormones pancreatic hormones steroid hormones catecholamines

steroid hormones A steroid hormone complex controls the formation of new messenger RNA.

22 Excess growth hormone would cause all the following EXCEPT __________. acromegaly in adults gigantism in children suppression of cancer diabetes

suppression of cancer

27 Insulin enhances the membrane transport of glucose in all of the following tissues EXCEPT __________. adipose tissue the myocardium skeletal muscle the brain

the brain Insulin enhances the membrane transport of glucose in all of these tissues except the brain.

18 Polydipsia is excessive __________ associated with diabetes mellitus. thirst hunger urine output blood glucose levels

thirst Polydipsia is one of the three cardinal signs of diabetes mellitus, in which dehydration stimulates the thirst centers of the hypothalamus, triggering excessive thirst.

21 Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) is a prohormone for __________. thyroxin insulin ACTH GH

ACTH POMC is a prohormone for ACTH.

13 Which of the following is NOT synthesized in the pituitary gland? TSH PRL ADH FSH LH

ADH Oxytocin and ADH are synthesized in the hypothalamus.

2 Hormone binding to its receptor on a target cell directly activates ____. G protein phosphodiesterase adenylate cyclase protein kinase ADP

G protein