chapter 16 endocrine system

17) When a G protein becomes activated and causes an activation of enzymes, A) ATP is consumed. B) cAMP is formed. C) cAMP is broken down. D) ATP is consumed and cAMP is formed.

ATP is consumed and cAMP is formed.

29) The hypophyseal portal system A) has two capillary plexuses connected by short veins. B) carries neurosecretions to the anterior lobe of the pituitary. C) carries ADH and oxytocin. D) All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct.

16) The link between a first messenger and a second messenger in a cell that responds to peptide hormones is usually A) cAMP. B) cGMP. C) ATP. D) a G protein. E) calcium ion levels.

a G protein.

8) Hormones known as ʺcatecholaminesʺ are A) lipids. B) peptides. C) steroids. D) amino acid derivatives.

amino acid derivatives

85) A hormone that promotes glucose formation in the liver is A) aldosterone. B) erythropoietin. C) thymosin. D) cortisol.

cortisol.

26) The most complex endocrine responses that integrate the nervous and endocrine system involve the A) thyroid gland. B) pancreas. C) adrenal glands. D) hypothalamus.

hypothalamus.

95) The ________ gland sits along the superior border of the kidney. A) parathyroid B) thyroid C) salivary D) suprarenal

suprarenal

98) The adrenal gland does not produce steroid hormones in A) the zona glomerulosa. B) the zona fasciculate. C) the zona reticularis. D) the cortex. E) the medulla.

the medulla

86) A hormone that helps to regulate the sodium ion content of the body is A) cortisol. B) parathormone. C) thymosin. D) somatotropin. E) aldosterone.

aldosterone.

87) Cortisol released from the zona fasciculata is converted by the liver to A) corticosterone. B) cortisone.

cortisone

18) Which of the following substances acts as a second messenger? A) insulin B) ACTH C) epinephrine D) cyclic AMP E) TSH

cyclic AMP

67) Thyroid hormone contains the element A) fluorine. B) chlorine. C) iron. D) iodine. E) zinc.

iodine

50) The hormone(s) that may be slowly administered by intravenous drip to accelerate labor and delivery is/are A) oxytocin. B) prolactin. C) luteinizing hormone. D) oxytocin and luteinizing hormone.

oxytocin.

69) The hormone that plays a pivotal role in setting the metabolic rate and thus impacting body temperature is A) somatotropin. B) thyroxine. C) calcitonin. D) parathyroid hormone. E) glucagon.

thyroxine

75) Thyroid hormones are structural derivatives of the amino acid A) arginine. B) thymine. C) tyrosine. D) alanine. E) glutamine.

tyrosine.

81) The zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex produces A) androgens. B) glucocorticoids. C) mineralocorticoids.

androgens.

41) The pituitary hormone that promotes egg development in ovaries and sperm development in testes is A) TSH. B) ACTH. C) FSH. D) LH. E) GH.

41: FSH.

49) If the pars intermedia of the pituitary is destroyed, the pituitary would no longer be able to secrete which of the following hormones? A) TSH B) ACTH C) PRL D) ADH E) MSH

49: MSH

60) Liver cells respond to growth hormone by releasing hormones called A) gonadotropins. B) prostaglandins. C) hepatic hormones. D) somatomedins. E) glucocorticoids.

somatomedins.

46) Changes in blood osmotic pressure would most affect the secretion of A) ACTH. B) ADH. C) OXT. D) TSH. E) LH.

46: ADH.

21) An activated G protein can trigger all of the following except A) the opening of calcium ion channels in the membrane. B) the release of calcium ions from intracellular stores. C) a fall in cAMP levels. D) a rise in cAMP levels. E) an increase ATP production.

an increase ATP production.

12) Hormonal actions on cells can affect all of the following except A) increase levels of cAMP. B) decrease levels of calcium ions. C) increase ATP production. D) decrease gene transcription. E) decrease hormone release through negative feedback.

decrease levels of calcium ions.

6) Which of the following is mismatched? A) direct communication — small solutes travel through gap junctions B) paracrine communication — molecules released in local area C) endocrine communication — target cells are directly adjacent to each other

endocrine communication — target cells are directly adjacent to each other

74) The two lobes of the thyroid gland are connected by the A) follicle. B) infundibulum. C) eminence. D) isthmus.

isthmus.

32) Destruction of the supra-optic nucleus of the hypothalamus would have which result? A) loss of ADH secretion B) loss of GH secretion C) loss of melatonin secretion D) loss of emotional response E) loss of regulatory factor secretion

loss of ADH secretion

77) The hormone that does the opposite of calcitonin is A) insulin. B) glucagon. C) growth hormone. D) parathyroid hormone. E) thyroid hormone.

parathyroid hormone.

54) PRL is to ________ as ACTH is to ________. A) prolactin; corticotropin B) oxytocin; mammotropin C) gonadotropin; mammotropin D) oxytocin; cortisol

prolactin; corticotropin

47) The primary function of ADH is to A) increase the amount of sodium lost at the kidneys. B) decrease the amount of water lost at the kidneys. C) decrease blood pressure. D) increase digestive absorption. E) delay urination.

decrease the amount of water lost at the kidneys.

55) The posterior lobe of the pituitary is also known as the A) hypothalamus. B) infundibulum. C) median eminence. D) adenohypophysis. E) neurohypophysis.

neurohypophysis.

14) Steroid hormones A) are proteins. B) cannot diffuse through cell membranes. C) bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells.

bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells.

63) Identify the hormone labeled ʺ1.ʺ A) mineralocorticoid B) cortisol C) dopamine D) corticotropin (ACTH) E) aldosterone

corticotropin (ACTH)

59) Which of the following organs does not contain target cells for oxytocin? A) prostate B) ductus deferens C) mammary glands D) uterus E) heart

heart

88) Cells of the adrenal cortex produce A) epinephrine. B) norepinephrine. C) aldosterone. D) ACTH. E) angiotensin.

88: aldosterone.

89) Reduction of fluid losses at the kidneys due to the retention of Na+ is the action of A) antidiuretic hormone. B) calcitonin. C) aldosterone.

89: aldosterone.

66) Which of the following is a known effect of thyroid hormone on peripheral tissues? A) increased oxygen consumption B) increased heart rate C) increased sensitivity to adrenergic stimulation D) increased body temperature E) All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct.

36) Which of the following is released due to sensory input and thus part of a neuroendocrine reflex? A) FSH B) OXT C) TSH D) corticotropin E) somatotropin

36: OXY

65) Identify the hormone labeled ʺ13.ʺ A) LH B) progesterone C) estrogen D) oxytocin E) testosterone

65: oxytocin

73) A hormone that can lower blood levels of calcium ion is A) parathyroid hormone. B) thyroxine. C) calcitonin. D) glucagon. E) oxytocin.

73: calcitonin.

76) Increased levels of the hormone ________ will lead to increased levels of calcium ions in the blood. A) thymosin B) calcitonin C) PTH D) aldosterone E) cortisol

76: PTH

96) The outer layer of the adrenal gland is the A) follicle. B) lobe. C) medulla. D) cortex.

cortex.

19) All of the following are true of steroid hormones except that they A) are produced by the adrenal medulla. B) are derived from cholesterol. C) are produced by reproductive glands.

are produced by the adrenal medulla.

44) The pituitary hormone that stimulates cell growth and replication by accelerating protein synthesis is A) ACTH. B) MSH. C) prolactin. D) insulin. E) growth hormone.

growth hormone.

7) All target cells A) have hormone receptors. B) can respond to chemical signals. C) secrete hormones. D) have hormone receptors and can respond to chemical signals. E) secrete hormones and have hormone receptors.

have hormone receptors and can respond to chemical signals.

37) The hormone oxytocin does all of the following except A) promotes uterine contractions. B) is responsible for milk expression from the mammary glands. C) rises during sexual arousal. D) peaks at orgasm in both sexes. E) is responsive to osmoreceptors.

is responsive to osmoreceptors

97) The inner portion of the adrenal gland is the A) follicle. B) lobe. C) medulla. D) cortex. E) infundibulum.

medulla.

92) Damage to cells of the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex would result in A) the loss of axillary and pubic hair. B) increased volume of urine formation. C) decreased levels of sodium ion in the blood. D) decreased ability to convert amino acids to glucose. E) increased water retention.

decreased ability to convert amino acids to glucose.

68) All of the following are result of thyroid hormones except A) elevated rates of oxygen consumption and energy consumption. B) decreased heart rate and force of contraction.

decreased heart rate and force of contraction.

103) The exocrine portion of the pancreas produces A) insulin. B) glucagon. C) somatotropin. D) digestive enzymes.

digestive enzymes.

1) All of the following are true of the nervous system, except that it doesnʹt A) respond rapidly to stimuli. B) respond specifically to stimuli. C) communicate by the release of neurotransmitters. D) respond with motor output. E) function independently of the endocrine system.

function independently of the endocrine system.

23) After a steroid hormone binds to its receptor to form an active complex, A) adenylyl cyclase is activated. B) cAMP is formed. C) G proteins are phosphorylated. D) gene transcription is initiated. E) ion channels are opened.

gene transcription is initiated

100) When blood glucose levels fall, A) insulin is released. B) glucagon is released. C) peripheral cells take up more glucose.

glucagon is released.

82) The zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex produces A) androgens. B) glucocorticoids. C) mineralocorticoids.

glucocorticoids.

57) Hormones that regulate the male and female reproductive organs are collectively called A) gonadotropins. B) releasing hormones. C) inhibiting hormones. D) eicosanoids. E) steroids.

gonadotropins.

2) Norepinephrine and epinephrine are considered to be ________ when released into the bloodstream, but ________ when released at synapses. A) hormones; neurotransmitters B) neuropeptides; neurotransmitters

hormones; neurotransmitters

105) The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar to enter its target cells is A) somatotropin. B) cortisol. C) insulin.

105: insulin

24) The intracellular protein ________ binds calcium ions. This complex can then activate enzymes. A) receptor B) cAMP C) G protein D) calmodulin E) ATP

24: calmodulin

25) Receptors for all of the following hormones are found in the cell membranes of target cells except A) catecholamines. B) peptide hormones. C) steroid hormones. D) eicosanoids. E) tryptophan derivatives.

25: steroid hormones.

39) The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is A) TSH. B) ACTH. C) FSH. D) LH. E) GH.

39: FSH.

51) After brain surgery, a patient receiving postoperative care in an intensive care unit began to pass large volumes of very dilute urine. The ICU nurse administered a medicine that mimics which of the following hormones? A) aldosterone B) epinephrine C) renin D) ADH E) cortisol

51: ADH

70) Thyroxine and calcitonin are secreted by the A) kidneys. B) heart. C) thyroid gland. D) gonads. E) pituitary gland.

70: thyroid gland.

61) The two lobes of the pituitary gland together produce how many hormones? A) 3 B) 5 C) 7 D) 9

9

56) The anterior lobe of the pituitary is also known as the A) hypothalamus. B) infundibulum. C) median eminence. D) adenohypophysis. E) neurohypophysis.

adenohypophysis.

106) All of the following are targets for insulin except A) skeletal muscle. B) adipocytes. C) liver cells. D) cardiac and smooth muscle. E) blood cells.

blood cells.

48) TSH plays a key role in ________ of thyroid hormones. A) only the inhibition B) only the production C) only the release D) both inhibition and production E) both production and release

both production and release

99) The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar levels to fall is A) cortisol. B) somatotropin. C) insulin.

insulin.

101) The beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce ________ which ________ blood sugar. A) insulin; lowers B) glucagon; lowers

insulin; lowers

27) Regulatory hormones that control secretion of anterior pituitary hormones are released by neurons at the ________ of the hypothalamus. A) paraventricular nuclei B) supra-optic nuclei C) median eminence

median eminence

83) The zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex produces A) androgens. B) glucocorticoids. C) mineralocorticoids.

mineralocorticoids.

80) Before the discovery of these glands, thyroid surgery often led to a rapid drop in blood calcium levels, which triggered muscle contractions and cardiac arrhythmias. What glands are these and which hormone is lacking? A) thyroid glands; calcitonin B) parathyroid glands; calcitonin C) parathyroid glands; parathyroid hormone

parathyroid glands; parathyroid hormone

45) The pituitary hormone that causes the kidney to reduce water loss is A) TSH. B) FSH. C) OXT. D) ACTH. E) ADH.

45: ADH.

91) Which of the following hormones increases and prolongs effects of the sympathetic nervous system? A) cortisol B) parathyroid hormone C) insulin D) growth hormone E) epinephrine

91: epinephrine

93) A rise in cortisol would cause an increase in each of the following except A) the rate of glucose synthesis by the liver. B) the rate of glycogen formation by the liver. C) the level of fatty acids in the blood. D) fatty acid metabolism by muscle cells. E) ACTH levels.

ACTH levels

40) The pituitary hormone that controls the release of steroid hormones from the adrenal cortex is A) TSH. B) ACTH. C) FSH. D) LH. E) GH.

ACTH.

28) Neurons of the supra-optic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus manufacture A) CRF and GnRH. B) TSH and FSH. C) ADH and OXT.

ADH and OXT.

34) The posterior pituitary gland secretes A) FSH. B) TSH. C) ACTH. D) ADH. E) MSH.

ADH.

79) Parathyroid hormone does all of the following except A) stimulate osteoclast activity. B) inhibit osteoblast activity. C) build up bone.

build up bone.

71) The C cells of the thyroid gland produce A) thyroxine. B) TSH. C) calcitonin. D) PTH. E) triiodothyronine.

calcitonin.

22) Calcium ions serve as messengers, often in combination with the intracellular protein A) calcitonin. B) calcitriol. C) calmodulin. D) calcium-binding globulin. E) calcitropin.

calmodulin.

38) Growth hormone does all of the following except A) promote bone growth. B) promote muscle growth. C) cause fat accumulation within adipocytes. D) promote amino acid uptake by cells.

cause fat accumulation within adipocytes.

9) Peptide hormones are A) composed of amino acids. B) produced by the adrenal glands. C) derived from the amino acid tyrosine.

composed of amino acids.

84) The adrenal medulla produces A) androgens. B) glucocorticoids. C) mineralocorticoids. D) epinephrine.

epinephrine

90) The adrenal medulla produces the hormones A) epinephrine and androgen. B) epinephrine and norepinephrine.

epinephrine and norepinephrine.

13) Extracellular membrane receptors are used by all of the following types of hormones except A) catecholamines. B) peptide hormones. C) leukotrienes. D) steroid hormones. E) prostaglandins.

steroid hormones.

58) Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) is only secreted by the human pars intermedia A) in old age. B) in very young children. C) in times of stress. D) in healthy adults. E) when a person is exposed to UV radiation.

when a person is exposed to UV radiation.

94) Shelly has a hormone-secreting tumor of the adrenal gland. The tumor is causing her to have a deep voice, grow extensive body hair, and stop menstruating. This tumor probably involves cells of the A) zona glomerulosa. B) zona fasciculata. C) zona reticularis.

zona reticularis.

42) The pituitary hormone that promotes ovarian secretion of progesterone and testicular secretion of testosterone is A) TSH. B) ACTH. C) FSH. D) LH. E) GH.

LH.

35) The hormone produced by the pars intermedia of the adenohypophysis during early childhood is A) FSH. B) ADH. C) TSH. D) MSH. E) ACTH.

MSH

20) Cells can respond to ________ hormone(s) at a time. A) only one B) one or two C) two D) several

several

62) Identify the hormone labeled ʺ4.ʺ A) thyroid-releasing hormone B) thyroid-stimulating hormone C) thyroxin D) parathyroid hormone E) calcitonin

thyroid-stimulating hormone

10) Each of the following hormones is an amino acid derivative except A) epinephrine. B) norepinephrine. C) thyroid hormone. D) thyroid-stimulating hormone.

thyroid-stimulating hormone.

64) Identify the hormone labeled ʺ5.ʺ A) thyroid-releasing hormone B) thyroid-stimulating hormone C) thyroxin (thyroid hormones) D) thyrotropin E) parathyroid hormone (PTH)

thyroxin (thyroid hormones)

72) Where does the chemical reaction between thyroglobulin and iodine take place? A) in lysosomes B) in rough endoplasmic reticulum C) in the lumen of the thyroid follicle

in the lumen of the thyroid follicle

78) The parathyroid glands produce a hormone that A) stimulates the formation of white blood cells. B) increases the level of calcium ions in the blood.

increases the level of calcium ions in the blood.

15) When a catecholamine or peptide hormone binds to receptors on the surface of a cell, the A) hormone receptor complex moves into the cytoplasm. B) cell membrane becomes depolarized. C) second messenger appears in the cytoplasm.

second messenger appears in the cytoplasm.

5) ________ are chemical messengers that are released in one tissue and transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissues. A) Hormones B) Neuropeptides C) Neurotransmitters

Hormones

4) Which of the following statements about the endocrine system is false? C) It releases secretions directly into body fluids. D) It is regulated by negative feedback mechanisms. E) It releases hormones, all of which are lipids, directly into the bloodstream.

It releases hormones, all of which are lipids, directly into the bloodstream.

33) Secretory cells of the adenohypophysis release all of the following except A) FSH. B) TSH. C) LH. D) GH. E) OXT.

OXT.

43) The pituitary hormone that stimulates milk production by the mammary glands is A) TSH. B) ACTH. C) GH. D) FSH. E) PRL

PRL

104) All of the following are true regarding the pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans), except that they A) contain four types of endocrine cells. B) account for only a small percent of all pancreatic cells. C) produce enzymes that assist in digestion. D) release their products directly into the intestines.

release their products directly into the intestines.

31) The hypothalamus controls secretion by the anterior pituitary by A) direct neural stimulation. B) indirect osmotic control. C) secreting releasing and inhibiting factors into a tiny portal system. D) altering ion concentrations and pH in the anterior pituitary. E) gap synaptic junctions.

secreting releasing and inhibiting factors into a tiny portal system.