chapter 16 environmental science

two or more metals combined

alloy

what hot, subsurface waters must contain in order to be considered hydrothermal solutions

dissolved minerals

salts left behind after evaporation

evaporites

material that bonds with impurities and separates them from molten metal during smelting

flux

a mining method used to recover gold from ancient riverbeds

hydraulic mining

a process used by mining companies to identify areas where there may be valuable mineral resources

mineral exploration

a mining method used for large ore deposits near the surface that are mined downward

open-pit mining

a water contaminate that can cause acid mine drainage

sulfuric acid

the mining method used when shallow ore deposits are located floes to earths surface

surface mining

one of the most serious consequences of coal mining

underground mine fires