chapter 16 environmental science

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Quarry

An open pit used to mine minerals near the surface is called a

The _____ regulates the release of hazardous substances into the air, soil, and water by mining.

Comprehensive Response Compensation and Liability Act

What do hydrothermal solutions contain?

Dissolved minerals

What regulation/ acts of law must mining companies must follow?

Mineral Leasing Act of 1920, Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977.

What are native elements?

Minerals that are made of just one element.

What substance are commonly used in solution mining?

Potash

What is an ore deposit?

Rock or sediment containing ore minerals in economical concentrations

What is a network of entries into subsurface coal mines called?

Room and pillar

Methods of subsurface mining?

Room and pillar, longwall, solution mining

The _____ sets standards to minimize the surface effects of coal mining on the environment.

Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977

Evaporites most commonly form in

arid regions where rates of evaporation are high.

What are minerals are made up of

atoms that are arranged in a regular, repeating geometric pattern.

Surface mining can cause

both air and noise pollution.

Two or more atoms chemically bonded together form a(n) _.

compound

The Clean Water Act and the Safe Drinking Water Act ensure that _ from mines do not threaten water quality.

contaminants

Acid mine drainage is contaminated _ that results when acid dissolves toxic minerals that exist in mine waste.

contaminated water that results when acid dissolves toxic minerals that exist in mine waste.

How do minerals typically form?

crystallization

What do hydrothermal solutions contain?

dissolved minerals

A floating barge on which buckets fixed onto a conveyor excavate sediments is called a(n) _.

dredge

Large piles of excess rock from mines are called _.

dumps

What is one property that may be used to distinguish metallic from nonmetallic minerals?

electrical conductivity

Metallic minerals conduct _.

electricity

The first step in finding a ore deposit

exploring rock for mineralization.

A material that bonds with impurities and separates them from molten metal during smelting is called a(n) _.

flux

Nonmetallic minerals prized mainly for their beauty, rarity, or durability are called _.

gemstones

Acid mine drainage

harms or kills aquatic life.

Gangue minerals

have no commercial value.

The minerals that conduct electricity well are called _.

metallic minerals

Through _____, mining companies can identify areas where there may be valuable mineral resources.

mineral exploration

What can contaminate a river during dredging?

muddy sediments

Gold, silver, and copper that occur in elemental form are called _.

native elements

What are characteristics of minerals?

naturally occurring, usually an inorganic solid, orderly internal structure

A quarry also could be called

open pit

Which of the following are minerals that contain valuable substances?

ore minerals

Rocks that cover coal seams near the surface are called _.

overburden

Collapse of _____ can lead to subsidence.

pillars in abandoned mines

The land recovery process required of mine operators is called _.

reclamation

Reclamation is the process of

returning land to its original or better condition after mining.

Networks of entries in subsurface coal mines are called _.

rooms

The layer of impurities on top of molten metal that forms during smelting is called

slag.

The process where crushed ore is melted at high temperatures to separate impurities from molten metal is called _.

smelting

Solution mining is an economical mining method if mineral ores are _ in water.

soluble

Bends in rivers often have _.

stream placers

The sinking of regions of the ground with little or no horizontal movement is called _.

subsidence

What are placer deposits, how is it formed

surface mineral deposits that have been concentrated and are formed by movement of wind and water.

The first step in surface coal mining is

to remove and set aside the soil that covers the area to be mined.

Ore deposits formed in cracks in rocks are called _.

veins


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