chapter 16 multiple choice

the accomplishments of frederick II included all of the following except

restructuring the prussian social system

_____________'s Historical and Critical Dictionary displayed his skepticism

Bayle

__________'s Progress of the Human Mind tracked nine stages of human development

Condorcet

which of the following was published first

On the revolutions of the heavenly spheres

____________ reduced all substances to "matter" and "mind"

Rene Descartes

the primary purpose of fontelles Conversations on the Plurality of worlds was to

popularize the findings of the scientific revolution

which powers participated in the partitioning of poland in the late 18th c

prussia austria and russia

Mendelssohn argued that

reason could complement and strengthen religion

To improve the rural economy and lives of the peasants, empress Maria Theresa

reduced nobles' power over their serfs

all of the following were important trends of enlightenment except

religion could be analyzed using enlightenment theories and eventually religious truth could be known

the two men generally given credit for creating the modern scientific method were francis bacon and

rene descartes

the illegal book trade in france featured all of the following types of literature except

technical journals on agriculture and industry

all of the following are causes of the scientific revolution except

the active support of the papacy

empiricism emphasized

the actual observation of phenomena

The concept of the "reading revilution" refers to

the shift from reading out loud texts perceived as authoritative to reading many different texts rapidly, silently, and individually

all of the following played a role in the erosion of french absolutism except the

theories of charles motesquieu

the key feature of newtons system was the law of

universal gravitation

Joseph II's conversion of labor obligations to cash payments

was opposed by both nobles and peasants

Madame du Chatelet

believed women's limited contribution to science was the result of unequal education

A striking feature of salons was that

philisophes, nobles, and members of the upper middle class intermingled

Hapsburg Emperor Joseph II abolished serfdom in the Austrian Empire in 1781. What was the outcome of this reform?

After Joseph II's death in 1790 serfdom was more or less reinstated

In general, what was Voltaire's attitude toward government?

He believed that a good monarch was the best one could hope for

before the scientific revolution europeans' view of the universe was based on the ideas of

aristotle

Rousseau's concept of the "general will" asserts that

authentic' long term needs of the people can be correctly interpreted by a farseeing minority

all of the following astronomers contributed to the destruction of the aristotleian view of the universe except

bernard de fontelle

_________'s Persain Letters satirized french society

Montesquieu

The Parlement of Paris was

a high court

D'Holbach's System of Nature presented

a mechanistic, atheistic philosophy

copernicus's theory of the universe

postulated a sun-centered view of the universe

In his Spirit of the Laws, Montesquieu argued for

the separation of governmental powers

before 1500 science was primarily a branch of

theology

After the death of Louis XIV the french parlements

effectively challenged royal absolutism

Catherine the Great of Russia came to power in 1762 through

a military coup

In his Essay Concerning Human Understanding, John Locke claimed that

human development is determined by education and society

In 1748 following the War of Austrian Succession Louis xv's finance minister created an outcry among french nobles clergy and wealthy town dwellers by

imposing a 5 percent tax on all Frenchmen

According to its editor, the fundamental goal of the encyclopedia was to

change the general way of thinking

galileo's greatest achievement was his

elaboration and consolidation of the experimental method

Immanuel Kant argued for

freedom of the press

The "enlightened" policies of Frederick II of Prussia included all of the following except

freeing the prussian serfs

the enlightenment reached its highest development in france for all of the following reasons except

french scientists and universities were the msot preeminent on the scientific revolution

according to ______'s theory of inertia rest is not the natural state of objects

galileo

one of the few attempts to link theoretical science with applied science took a place at

gresham college