chapter 16 multiple choice
the accomplishments of frederick II included all of the following except
restructuring the prussian social system
_____________'s Historical and Critical Dictionary displayed his skepticism
Bayle
__________'s Progress of the Human Mind tracked nine stages of human development
Condorcet
which of the following was published first
On the revolutions of the heavenly spheres
____________ reduced all substances to "matter" and "mind"
Rene Descartes
the primary purpose of fontelles Conversations on the Plurality of worlds was to
popularize the findings of the scientific revolution
which powers participated in the partitioning of poland in the late 18th c
prussia austria and russia
Mendelssohn argued that
reason could complement and strengthen religion
To improve the rural economy and lives of the peasants, empress Maria Theresa
reduced nobles' power over their serfs
all of the following were important trends of enlightenment except
religion could be analyzed using enlightenment theories and eventually religious truth could be known
the two men generally given credit for creating the modern scientific method were francis bacon and
rene descartes
the illegal book trade in france featured all of the following types of literature except
technical journals on agriculture and industry
all of the following are causes of the scientific revolution except
the active support of the papacy
empiricism emphasized
the actual observation of phenomena
The concept of the "reading revilution" refers to
the shift from reading out loud texts perceived as authoritative to reading many different texts rapidly, silently, and individually
all of the following played a role in the erosion of french absolutism except the
theories of charles motesquieu
the key feature of newtons system was the law of
universal gravitation
Joseph II's conversion of labor obligations to cash payments
was opposed by both nobles and peasants
Madame du Chatelet
believed women's limited contribution to science was the result of unequal education
A striking feature of salons was that
philisophes, nobles, and members of the upper middle class intermingled
Hapsburg Emperor Joseph II abolished serfdom in the Austrian Empire in 1781. What was the outcome of this reform?
After Joseph II's death in 1790 serfdom was more or less reinstated
In general, what was Voltaire's attitude toward government?
He believed that a good monarch was the best one could hope for
before the scientific revolution europeans' view of the universe was based on the ideas of
aristotle
Rousseau's concept of the "general will" asserts that
authentic' long term needs of the people can be correctly interpreted by a farseeing minority
all of the following astronomers contributed to the destruction of the aristotleian view of the universe except
bernard de fontelle
_________'s Persain Letters satirized french society
Montesquieu
The Parlement of Paris was
a high court
D'Holbach's System of Nature presented
a mechanistic, atheistic philosophy
copernicus's theory of the universe
postulated a sun-centered view of the universe
In his Spirit of the Laws, Montesquieu argued for
the separation of governmental powers
before 1500 science was primarily a branch of
theology
After the death of Louis XIV the french parlements
effectively challenged royal absolutism
Catherine the Great of Russia came to power in 1762 through
a military coup
In his Essay Concerning Human Understanding, John Locke claimed that
human development is determined by education and society
In 1748 following the War of Austrian Succession Louis xv's finance minister created an outcry among french nobles clergy and wealthy town dwellers by
imposing a 5 percent tax on all Frenchmen
According to its editor, the fundamental goal of the encyclopedia was to
change the general way of thinking
galileo's greatest achievement was his
elaboration and consolidation of the experimental method
Immanuel Kant argued for
freedom of the press
The "enlightened" policies of Frederick II of Prussia included all of the following except
freeing the prussian serfs
the enlightenment reached its highest development in france for all of the following reasons except
french scientists and universities were the msot preeminent on the scientific revolution
according to ______'s theory of inertia rest is not the natural state of objects
galileo
one of the few attempts to link theoretical science with applied science took a place at
gresham college