Chapter 16 Notes and Guided Reading

What describes when a curriculum focuses on equipping students to succeed on standardized tests, to the detriment of broader educational goals and concepts of learning?

"teaching to the test"

At what age is the Program for International Student Assessment given around the world?

15

The United States ranked ___ out of 27 countries in the number of students who receive college degrees.

16th

Feminist Theory - ___/3 of the world's 862 million illiterate people are women.

2

The United States ranked ___ among 27 countries for college participation.

5th

What allowed racial segregation in schools can private businesses and introduced the much maligned phrase "separate but equal" into the U.S.?

Plessy v. Ferguson

Functionalism - In schools, students learn how to conform to law and respect ___.

authority.

Societies educate their children outside of the school system in matter of everyday ___.

living

Functionalism - The intended and visible functions of education are known as ___ functions.

manifest

Those with college degrees tend to make more __ than those without.

money

___ education is considered a right and responsibility for all citizens in America.

Basic

Conflict Theory - ___ schools do not reduce social inequality.

public

Functionalism - Unlike Japan and China, students in the U.S. learn the importance of ___.

individualism

Functionalism - What is the valuing of the individual over the value of groups or society as a whole?

individualism

Conflict Theory - The higher one's social class, the higher their cultural ___.

capital

The U.S.'s educational system is on a ___ path.

descending

The Coleman Report of 1966 stated that there is a great divide between the performance of ___ students from affluent backgrounds and other racial groups from less affluent backgrounds.

white

Feminist Theory - Educational systems are characterized by unequal treatment and opportunity for ___.

women

Cultural ___ include both formal and informal education.

transmission

16.2 What term describes the separation of students based on merit? a. Cultural transmission b. Social control c. Sorting d. Hidden curriculum

c. Sorting

16.3 Public schools must guarantee that ___________. a. all students graduate from high school b. all students receive an equal education c. per-student spending is equitable d. the amount spent on each student is equal to that spent regionally

c. per-student spending is equitable

16.2 Because she plans on achieving success in marketing, Tammie is taking courses on managing social media. This is an example of ________. a. cultural innovation b. social control c. social placement d. socialization

c. social placement

16.3 Allowing a student to move to the next grade regardless of whether or not they have met the requirements for that grade is called ____________. a. affirmative action b. social control c. social promotion d. socialization

c. social promotion

Conflict Theory - One's education is linked to one's social ___.

class

Functionalism - In schools, students ___ academically and athletically.

compete

___ ___ view education as a means of widening the gap in social inequality. a. functionalists b. conflict theorists c. feminist theorists d. symbolic interactionists

conflict theorists

Functionalism - Through manifest functional like social ___, the U.S. transmits the core values of the nation to students.

control

The __ of getting a college degree has risen sharply since the 1980s.

cost

Symbolic Interactionism - What embodies the emphasis on certificates or degrees to show that a person has a certain skill, has attained a certain level of education, or has met certain job qualitifcations?

credentialism

Conflict Theory - What is cultural knowledge that serves as currency that helps us navigate a culture called?

cultural capital

What is the way people come to learn the values, beliefs, and social norms of their culture called?

cultural transmissions

Before the Industrial Revolution, only the ___ class had access to education.

high

The number of people graduating from college in the U.S. is ___.

increasing

Functionalism - ___ functions in school can be courtship practices, social networks, ability to work with others, and lessons on social issues.

informal

___ education occurs both through the education system and at home.

informal

What are the two types of education?

informal and formal

Which type of education describes learning about cultural values, norms, and expected behaviors by participating in a society?

informal education

Functionalism - The hidden and unintended functions of education are known as ___ functions.

latent

A college degree is becoming an expectation at nearly all level of __-__ success.

middle-class

The major factors that affect education systems are the resources and ___ that are utilized to support those systems.

money

The reveal value of an education is to enhance our skill at ___-examination.

self

Functionalism - What is honoring the group over the individual called?

social esteem

16.2 Which of the following is not a manifest function of education? a. Cultural innovation b. Courtship c. Social placement d. Socialization

b. Courtship

16.1 What do nations that are top-ranked in science and math have in common? a. They are all in Asia. b. They recruit top teachers. c. They spend more money per student. d. They use cutting-edge technology in classrooms.

b. They recruit top teachers.

___ balance the time in a special-needs classroom with standard classroom participation for differently abled students. a. inclusion b. mainstreaming

b. mainstreaming

16.2 Conflict theorists see sorting as a way to ________. a. challenge gifted students b. perpetuate divisions of socioeconomic status c. help students who need additional support d. teach respect for authority

b. perpetuate divisions of socioeconomic status

16. 1 Informal education _________________. a. describes when students teach their peers b. refers to the learning of cultural norms c. only takes place at home d. relies on a planned instructional process

b. refers to the learning of cultural norms

16.3 Key predictors for student success include ____________. a. how many school-age siblings the student has b. socioeconomic status and family background c. the age of the student when she or he enters kindergarten d. how many students attend the school

b. socioeconomic status and family background

Conflict Theory - What is a formalized sorting system that places students on "tracks" that perpetuate inequalities called?

tracking

What declared that state laws that had established separate schools for black and white students were, in fact, unequal and unconstitutional?

Brown v. Board of Education

What defeated Plessy v. Ferguson?

Brown v. Board of Education

___ school are self-governing public schools that have signed agreements with state governments to improve students when poor performance is revealed on tests required by the No Child Left Behind Act.

Charter

The ___ Report brought about the Head Start program and busing.

Coleman

What attempts to give equal opportunity to minority students through offering instruction in languages other than English?

bilingual education

What is it called when students are brought to schools outside their neighborhoods to bring racial diversity into balance?

busing

If a school does not meet the standards set by the No Child Left Behind Act, what happened?

Funding is cut

What was developed to give low-income students an opportunity to make up the preschool deficit discussed in Coleman's findings?

Head Start program

___ refers to children being educated in their own homes, typically by a parent, instead of in a traditional public or private school system.

Homeschooling

Feminist Theory - The establishment of Title ___ of the Education Amendments in 1972 that discriminating on the basis of sex in U.S. education programs became illegal.

IX

The ___ ___ made education more accessible to the general population.

Industrial Revolution

Symbolic Interactionism - ___ is a huge problem in schools.

Labeling

Which case was brought on the behalf of 7 school age children with special needs who argued that the school board was denying their access to free public education?

Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia

What requires states to test students in designated grades and whose results determines eligibility to recieve federal funding?

No Child Left Behind Act

16.2 Which theory of education focuses on the ways in which education maintains the status quo? a. Conflict theory b. Feminist theory c. Functionalist theory d. Symbolic interactionism

a. Conflict theory

16.1 What are the major factors that affect education systems throughout the world? a. Resources and money b. Student interest c. Teacher interest d. Transportation

a. Resources and money

16.1 The 1972 case Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia set a precedent for __________. a. access to education b. average spending on students c. desegregation of schools d. teacher salary

a. access to education

16.1 Learning from classmates that most students buy lunch on Fridays is an example of ________. a. cultural transmission b. educational access c. formal education d. informal education

a. cultural transmission

___ involves the complete immersion of differently abled students in a standard classroom. a. inclusion b. mainstreaming

a. inclusion

16.3 Plessy v. Fergusonset the precedent that _____________. a. racial segregation in schools was allowed b. separate schools for black and white students were unconstitutional c. students do not have a right to free speech in public schools d. students have a right to free speech in public schools

a. racial segregation in schools was allowed

16.2 Which theory of education focuses on the labels acquired through the educational process? a. Conflict theory b. Feminist theory c. Functionalist theory d. Symbolic interactionism

d. Symbolic interactionism

16.2 Conflict theorists see IQ tests as being biased. Why? a. They are scored in a way that is subject to human error. b. They do not give children with learning disabilities a fair chance to demonstrate their true intelligence. c. They don't involve enough test items to cover multiple intelligences. d. They reward affluent students with questions that assume knowledge associated with upper-class culture.

d. They reward affluent students with questions that assume knowledge associated with upper-class culture.

16.2 What term describes the assignment of students to specific education programs and classes on the basis of test scores, previous grades, or perceived ability? a. Hidden curriculum b. Labeling c. Self-fulfilling prophecy d. Tracking

d. Tracking

16.2 Functionalist theory sees education as serving the needs of _________. a. families b. society c. the individual d. all of the above

d. all of the above

16.2 Rewarding students for meeting deadlines and respecting authority figures is an example of ________. a. a latent function b. a manifest function c. informal education d. transmission of moral education

d. transmission of moral education

Those that graduate from college are likely to begin a career in ___.

debt.

Universal access was formed in the U.S. due to a concern for people with ___.

disabilities.

A descending education system could affect a country's ___ and social landscape.

economy

Every nation as it's own form of an ___ system.

education

Functionalism - ___ contends to both manifest and latent functions.

education

Functionalism - ___ is one of the most important social institutions in a society.

education

In American society, in order to become successful, one needs an ___.

education

The value placed on ___, the amount of time devoted to ___, and the distribution of ___ within a country play important roles.

education

What is a social institution through which a society's children are taught basic academic knowledge, learning skills, and cultural norms?

education

During the first two years of college, it is hoped that the student's world view is ___.

expanded

___ ___ point to evidence that sexism in education continues to prevent women from achieving a full measure of social equality. a. functionalists b. conflict theorists c. feminist theorists d. symbolic interactionists

feminist theorists

Which type of education describes the learning of academic facts and concepts through a formal curriculum?

formal education

___ believe that education equips people to perform different functional roles in society. a. functionalists b. conflict theorists c. feminist theorists d. symbolic interactionists

functionalists

The more necessary a college degree has become, the ___ it has become to achieve it.

harder

Conflict Theory - Rewarding of children with high cultural capital is found in formal curricula and in ___ curriculum.

hidden

Conflict Theory - What refers to the type of nonacademic knowledge that students learn through informal learning and cultural transmission?

hidden cirriculum

Functionalism - Students saying the pledge of Allegiance each morning and taking history classes are how schools teach ___.

patriotism

Symbolic Interactionism - A student who does ___ on a test can be classified as a ___ achiever.

poor

What is the concept of passing students to the next grade regardless of their meeting standards for that grade called?

social promotion

Functionalism - What is the major manifest function associated with education?

socialization

Functionalism - Through socialization, in educational systems, students learn the rules and norms of ___.

society

Functionalism - What is the classifying student based on academic merit or potential called?

sorting

___ ___ study the dynamics of the classroom, the interactions between students and teachers, and how those affect everyday life. a. functionalists b. conflict theorists c. feminist theorists d. symbolic interactionists

symbolic interactionists

Educational resources like money and the quality of ___ are not distributed equally in the U.S.

teachers

What refers to people's equal ability to participate in an education system?

universal access

Functionalism - Education provides one of the major methods used by people for ___ social mobility.

upward

A country's ___ has much to do with the amount of money spent on education.

wealth