Autonomic Nervous System

Collateral Ganglia

-Anterior to the vertebral bodies; innervate tissues and organs in the abdominopelvic cavity.

Sympathetic Division

A branch of the autonomic nervous system and prepares the body for quick action in emergencies; fight or flight; busiest when frightened, angry, or aroused; increases heart rate, increases breathing rate, enlarges pupils, stops digestion; connects to all internal organs; sudden reaction

Autonomic Nervous System

A subdivision of the peripheral nervous system. Controls involuntary activity of visceral muscles and internal organs and glands.

Preganglionic Fibers

Axons of preganglionic motor neurons

Enteric Nervous System

Consists of a large network of neurons surrounding the digestive organs, helping to regulate processes such as smooth muscle contraction, fluid exchange, blood flow to digestive organs, and hormone release.

Splanchnic Nerve

Sympathetic preganglionic fibers that pass through sympathetic trunk ganglia to terminate in prevertebral ganglia are called __________.

Celiac Ganglion

The Greater splanchnic nerves synapse with their postganglionic neurons here; Innervates stomach, liver, pancreas, spleen

Adrenal Medulla

The inner region of the adrenal gland. The adrenal medulla is part of the sympathetic nervous system, and releases epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine into the blood when stimulated. These hormones augment and prolong the effects of sympathetic stimulation in the body.

Preganglionic Neurons

Visceral motor neurons in the brain stem and spinal cord that extend to ganglia.

Sympathetic Nerves

autonomic nerves that influence bodily functions involuntarily in times of stress

Inferior Mesenteric Ganglion

collateral ganglia that control the reproductive organs, blaadder, kidney, colon, and rectum

Sympathetic Activation

crisis; increased alertness, a feeling of energy and euphoria, increased cardiovascular and respiratory activity, general elevation in muscle tone, and mobilization of energy reserve.

Parasympathetic Division

rest or digest; A branch of the autonomic nervous system that maintains normal body functions; it calms the body ever conserves energy.