Chapter 16

What program helps pay for medical care for senior citizens? a. Medicare b. VISTA c. Upward Bound d. Medicaid

a. Medicare

Why did the civil rights movement splinter? a. Some African Americans grew impatient with the gradual pace of the civil rights movement. b. Some African Americans took pride in their own heritage. c. Martin Luther King, Jr., was assassinated. d. Malcolm X was assassinated.

a. Some African Americans grew impatient with the gradual pace of the civil rights movement

The NAACP worked to end a. segregation b. civil rights c. integration d. boycotting

a. segregation

"It is doubtful that any child may reasonably be expected to succeed in life if he is denied the opportunity of an education. . . . To separate [students] from others of similar age and qualifications solely because of their race generates a feeling of inferiority . . . that may affect their hearts and minds in a way unlikely to be ever undone." —Chief Justice Earl Warren (1954) In this statement, Chief Justice Warren is referencing the Supreme Court's majority opinion in a. Plessy v. Ferguson. b. Brown v. Board of Education. c. Tinker v. Des Moines School District. d. McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents.

b. Brown v. Board of Education

The Warren Commission reviewed the Kennedy assassination and concluded that a. Kennedy was killed on orders from Castro b. Lee Harvey Oswald was the assassin and acted alone c. the Soviet Union financed the assassination plot d. the CIA participated in the plot to kill Kennedy e. the assassination was planned by organized crime

b. Lee Harvey Oswald was the assassin and acted alone

Which of the following is an example of nonviolent protest? a. Martin Luther King, Jr.'s speech before the MIA b. Rosa Parks's refusal to give up her bus seat c. the endorsement of the "Southern Manifesto" d. the NAACP's lobbying to make lynching a federal crime

b. Rosa Parks refusal to give up her bus seat

Who was the governor who tried to block the entrance of James Meredith into the University of Mississippi? a. Orval Faubus b. Ross Barnett c. Robert Kennedy d. George Wallace

b. Ross Barnett

What group investigated John F. Kennedy's assassination? a. Kennedy Commission b. Warren Commission c. Oswald's Committee d. Assassination Committee

b. Warren Commission

The arrest of Rosa Parks led to a. sit-in lunch counters b. a boycott of city buses c. riots in Watts d. integrations of schools

b. a boycott of city buses

The lunch counter "sit-ins" were meant to a. antagonize the restaurant owners. b. draw attention to segregation and challenge the law. c. provoke police intervention. d. bring racism to the public's attention.

b. draw attention to segregation and challenge the law

Passage: "I want to win pennants and we need ballplayers!" Rickey whacked the desk. He sketched the efforts and the scope of his two-year search for players of promise. "Do you think you can do it? Make good in organized baseball?" Robinson shifted to relieve his mounting tension. "If . . . if I got the chance," he stammered. "There's more here than just playing, Jackie," Rickey warned. "I wish it meant only hits, runs and errors—things you can see in a box score. . . ." "Can you do it? Can you do it?" Rickey asked over and over. . . . Did he have the guts to play the game no matter what happened? Rickey pointed out the enormity of the responsibility for all concerned: owners of the club, Rickey, Robinson and all baseball. The opposition would shout insults, come in spikes first, throw at his head. -Arthur Mann, Branch Rickey, American in Action In this passage, Branch Rickey, manager of the Brooklyn Dodgers baseball team, interviews Jackie Robinson, who became the first African American to play in major league baseball. What does Rickey want to know if Robinson can do? a. work hard to play well consistently as a professional baseball player b. face violent racial prejudice in public without showing any reaction to it c. get along with other players and the coaches on his team d. come early to spring training and to practice extra hard

b. face violent racial prejudice in public without showing any reaction to it

One of the legacies of the Great Society was high budget deficits that were caused by a. decreased tax revenues and an unfavorable balance of trade b. rapidly rising government expenditures c. American dependence upon foreign manufactured and agricultural goods d. the decreasing rate of economic growth e. the refusal to implement a tax cut

b. rapidly rising government expenditures

"We believe since we buy books and papers in the other part of the store, we should get served in this part." -February 1, 1960 This remark, made to a waitress in a store in Greensboro, North Carolina, by an African American student sitting at a "whites-only" lunch counter, began a _____ protest against segregation. a. boycott b. sit-in c. school d. bus

b. sit-in

"Freedom riders" in the early 1960s aimed at a. the integration of public schools b. the desegregation of bus stations c. an end to discrimination in employment d. the promotion of voting rights for all e. the injustice of lynchings

b. the desegregation of bus stations

What was the main purpose of the 1963 March on Washington? a. to increase membership in the NAACP b. to focus attention on Kennedy's proposed civil rights bill c. to prove that 250,000 people could assemble peacefully d. to recruit volunteers for the Freedom Riders

b. to focus attention of Kennedy's proposed civil rights bill

". . .The proper use of the powers of the executive branch to enforce the orders of a federal court is limited to extraordinary and compelling circumstances. Manifestly, such an extreme situation has been created in Little Rock. This challenge must be met and with such measures as will preserve to the people as a whole their lawfully protected rights in a climate permitting their free and fair exercise. "The overwhelming majority of our people in every section of the country are united in their respect for observance of the law—even in those cases where they may disagree with that law. . . ." In this excerpt from a 1957 speech by President Dwight D. Eisenhower to the nation, the "measures" the president mentions that he took were _____. a. to close the school and send the students home b. to send hundreds of federal soldiers to patrol the school grounds and protect the African American students c. to remove martial law in Little Rock and institute a curfew d. to overrule the Arkansas state legislature and jail hundreds of protesters without bail

b. to send hundreds of federal soldiers to patrol the school ground and protect the African American students

"We are going to pass a civil rights bill if it takes all summer." -President Lyndon B. Johnson This statement by Johnson was addressed to Congress in _____. a. 1962 b. 1963 c. 1964 d. 1965

c. 1964

Who said, "Ask not what your country can do for you—ask what you can do for your country"? a. Martin Luther King, Jr. b. Malcolm X c. John F. Kennedy d. Richard M. Nixon

c. John F. Kennedy

Who was a leader of the Black Muslims? a. Martin Luther King, Jr. b. Stokely Carmichael c. Malcolm X d. Ella Baker

c. Malcolm X

Who was the leader of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference who emphasized nonviolent protests? a. Malcolm X b. Thurgood Marshall c. Martin Luther King, Jr. d. Rosa Parks

c. Martin Luther King, Jr.

According to the information in this chart, which state saw the greatest percent increase in registered African American voters after passage of the Voting Rights Act? a. Arkansas b. Louisiana c. Mississippi d. South Carolina

c. Mississippi

"I heard all of this screaming and . . . somebody yelled, 'Oh God, they're killing us!' . . . And I looked and I saw the troopers charging us . . . swinging their arms and throwing canisters of tear gas. . . . Some of them had clubs and others had ropes and whips. . . . It was like a nightmare. . . . I just knew then that I was going to die." —Sheyann Webb Sheyann Webb is recalling a campaign to enact voting legislation that resulted in conflict on a bridge in a. Greenwood, MS. b. Little Rock, AR. c. Selma, AL. d. Washington, D.C.

c. Selma, AL

Which of the following is an indicator of the success of the Civil Rights movement in influencing government? a. Portions of the Voting Act of 1965 remain in effect. b. Lester Maddox was elected governor of Georgia. c. Thurgood Marshall was appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court. d. Martin Luther King, Jr. established the "Poor People's Campaign."

c. Thurgood Marshall was appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court

"Affirmative action" is best described as the legal requirement that a. employers abandon practices that deny employment to blacks b. employers be forced to obey federal and state laws that protect the civil rights of all c. employers take positive measures to recruit minorities to compensate for past injustices d. employers establish racial quotas for their workforce e. employers hire workers who belong to Community Action organizations

c. employers take positive measures to recruit minorities to compensate for past injustices

In the space race between the United States and the Soviet Union, the two countries struggled to be the first to a. send a satellite into orbit. b. send a human being into orbit. c. send a human being to the moon. d. send an unmanned craft to the moon.

c. send a human being to the moon

Johnson's domestic program centered upon the issues of a. government efficiency and decreasing the national debt b. economic strength and reducing the federal bureaucracy c. social welfare and economic strength d. social reform and balanced budgets e. judicial reform and fiscal conservatism

c. social welfare and economic strength

". . . Segregation of white and colored children in public schools has a detrimental effect upon the colored children. The impact is greater when it has the sanction of the law; for the policy of separating the races is usually interpreted as denoting the inferiority of the Negro group. A sense of inferiority affects the motivation of a child to learn. Segregation with the sanction of law, therefore has a tendency to [retard] the educational and mental development of Negro children and to deprive them of some of the benefits they would receive in a racial[ly] integrated school system. ". . . We conclude that in the field of public education the doctrine of "separate but equal" has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal. The Brown v. Topeka Board of Education decision ruled that the "separate but equal" doctrine violated the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by _____. a. Plessy v. Ferguson b. the Declaration of Independence c. the Fourteenth Amendment d. the First Amendment

c. the Fourteenth Amendment

Events of the Freedom Summer included a. an antiwar march of over 100,000 protestors in Washington, D.C. b. Martin Luther King's antisegregation march on Birmingham c. the brutal murder of three young civil rights activists d. violent riots in Watts; Detroit; and Newark, New Jersey e. thousands of young people streaming into the Haight-Ashbury district of San Francisco

c. the brutal murder of three young civil rights activists

The high-water mark of peaceful interracial civil rights demonstrations was the a. 1961 "sit-in" in North Carolina b. Albany Movement of 1962 c. Selma March of 1965 d. August 1963 March on Washington, D.C. e. 1964 Freedom Summer

d. August 1963 March on Washington, D.C

"In a land of great wealth, families must not live in hopeless poverty. In a land rich in harvest, children must not go hungry. . . . In a great land of learning and scholars, young people must be taught to read and write." In this excerpt President Lyndon B. Johnson explains part of the vision for his _____ programs. a. New Frontier b. Upward Bound c. Medicare d. Great Society

d. Great Society

Miranda v. Arizona reversed the conviction of Ernesto Miranda. In this case, the Supreme Court ruled that the prosecution may not use statements made by a person who is being questioned by the police unless certain procedures are followed. The person in police custody must know that he or she has the right to remain silent, that anything he or she says may be used as evidence, and that he or she has the right to request an attorney. To uphold this ruling, the court established the so-called Miranda warnings, which ensure "that the individual is accorded his privilege under the Fifth Amendment." Critics of the ruling claim that Miranda makes it more difficult to fight crime. How did Johnson's Great Society change the scope of the federal government? a. It allowed the federal government to establish and run a space program. b. It authorized the federal government to conduct an in-depth study into the causes and effects of poverty. c. It gave Congress the right to pass laws more quickly and with fewer affirmative votes. d. It allowed the federal government to spend billions of dollars providing for people's needs.

d. It allowed the federal government to spend billions of dollars providing for people's needs

The major candidates for president in 1960 were a. Lyndon Johnson and Dwight Eisenhower b. Dwight Eisenhower and John Kennedy c. Richard Nixon and Harry Truman d. John Kennedy and Richard Nixon e. Richard Nixon and Lyndon Johnson

d. John Kennedy and Richard Nixon

"We know through painful experience that freedom is never voluntarily given by the oppressor; it must be demanded by the oppressed. . . . For years now I have heard the word 'Wait!' It rings in the ear of every Negro with piercing familiarity. This 'Wait' has almost always meant 'Never.' We must come to see, with one of our distinguished jurists that 'justice too long delayed is justice denied.'" -Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., 1963 Which statement best describes what King means in this excerpt? a. Civil rights will gradually be achieved. b. Struggling for desegregation is excessive. c. Some day everyone will have freedom. d. Racial equality must be demanded now.

d. Racial equality must be demanded now

What lawyer decided to challenge the idea of "separate but equal"? a. Malcolm X b. Stokely Carmichael c. Martin Luther King, Jr. d. Thurgood Marshall

d. Thurgood Marshall

"We're here because, first and foremost, we are American citizens, and we are determined to acquire our citizenship to the fullness of its meaning. We are tired—tired of being segregated and humiliated, tired of being kicked about by the brutal feet of oppression." -Martin Luther King, Jr. In this excerpt from an early speech in 1955, King made a strong impression on listeners at a meeting to organize a ______ of buses in Montgomery, Alabama. a. strike b. sabotaging c. slow-down d. boycott

d. boycott

The refusal to obey laws that are considered unjust is called a. integration b. boycotting c. segregation d. civil disobedience

d. civil disobedience

According to the chart, the Twenty-fourth Amendment was passed in order to a. facilitate racial integration in schools. b. allow better job opportunities to minorities. c. give the federal government more authority. d. increase participation in the political process.

d. increase participation in the political process

The term "judicial activism" is often applied to the act of a. interpreting the Constitution rigidly, in line with the will of the Founding Fathers. b. interpreting the Constitution in line with the will of the majority. c. interpreting the Constitution as the President sees fit. d. interpreting the Constitution flexibly, considering what best serves the public interest.

d. interpreting the Constitution flexibly, considering what best serves the public interest

President Lyndon B. Johnson declared an unconditional war on a. Communists. b. integration. c. segregation. d. poverty.

d. poverty

Shortly after World War II, one of the first racial barriers to fall was in a. film. b. education. c. television. d. sports.

d. sports

The "sit-in" movement of racial protest in the early 1960s resulted in a. the sending of federal marshals to some Southern restaurants b. the creation of the Black Panthers c. the demise of student activist organizations d. the integration of some public eating facilities e. more black registered voters

d. the integration of some public eating facilities

The primary reason why the March on Washington was such an effective event in the modern civil rights movement was because a. the crowds at the Lincoln Memorial peacefully congregated without incident. b. Washington, D.C. public officials approved such a large political protest. c. Martin Luther King, Jr.'s speech passionately defended the civil rights movement. d. the significant media coverage increased public opinion in favor of legislation.

d. the significant media coverage increased public opinion in favor of legislation

The Equal Pay Act, sponsored by the Kennedy administration, aimed to benefit which working group most? a. African Americans b. Mexican Americans c. war veterans d. women

d. women

In 1965, the twenty-year debate over national health care culminated in the passage of Medicare, whose recipients were to be a. welfare clients of all ages b. children who lived in rural poverty c. those who had served in the armed services or defense industries during World War II and the Korean War d. elderly Americans who were poor e. all elderly Americans regardless of need

e. all elderly Americans regardless of need

The Commission on Civil Disorders issued a report in 1968 that recommended a. increased law enforcement in the ghettos b. an end to the war on poverty c. federal legislation to protect urban dwellers d. more coercive measures to halt violence e. massive spending to improve conditions in the ghettos

e. massive spending to improve conditions in the ghettos