Chapter 16 Quiz
A woman who has the mutant BRCA 1 gene has what percentage chance of developing breast cancer? -2% to 6% -10% to 20% -20% to 40% -40% to 80%
40% to 80%
Multiple: Which statement regarding breast carcinoma is correct? A. Occurs more frequently in women whose mother or sisters have had breast carcinoma B. May be detected by mammogram before the tumor can be identified by physical examination C. May occur in males D. More common in young women and infrequent in older women
A. Occurs more frequently in women whose mother or sisters have had breast carcinoma B. May be detected by mammogram before the tumor can be identified by physical examination C. May occur in males
Multiple: Which statements regarding breast carcinoma is correct? A. The use of estrogens or estrogen-progestin hormones by postmenopausal women increases breast carcinoma risk B. It can often be detected by a mammogram before the tumor becomes large enough to be palpated within the breast C. It occurs in only women D. The tumor may arise from epithelium of either ducts or lobules
ALL answers *except* "It occurs in only women"
Multiple: Which statements regarding adjuvant therapy for breast carcinoma is correct? A. Tamoxifen blocks the estrogen receptors on breast carcinoma tumor cells to which estrogen must attach to stimulate the tumor cells. B. Aromatase inhibitor drugs are used to treat postmenopausal women. C. Aromatase inhibitor drugs block the conversion of adrenal androgens (testosterone-like steroids) into estrogens within the affected women's body. D. Tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitor drugs are effective adjuvant therapy in women with estrogen-receptor-positive tumors and also in women with estrogen-receptor negative tumors.
ALL of them *except* "Tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitor drugs..."
A lump felt in any breast may indicate what?
Any breast disease
Which lymph nodes are located in the armpit?
Axillary
What substance often diffuses from the blood stream to the focal area of the necrosis? -Other tumors -Scarring -Fibrous material -Calcium
Calcium
Which of the following statements is correct? A. A women with a BRCA1 mutation is at high risk of uterine carcinoma B. A women with a BRCA2 mutation is at high risk of both uterine and ovarian carcinoma C. A women with an accessory nipple is at an increased risk of breast carcinoma D. Bilateral prophylactic mastectomy greatly reduces breast carcinoma risk in women with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations
D. Bilateral prophylactic mastectomy greatly reduces breast carcinoma risk in women with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations
How do cysts and tumors look in a mammogram? -Dense, white masses -General dark areas -Dense, dark masses -Interlacing white strands
Dense, white masses
When does mild cyclic hyperplasia occur? -During childhood -During the menstrual cycle -During menopause -During puberty
During the menstrual cycle
Where do 90% of breast carcinomas arise? -Fibrous tissue -Lymph systems -Lobes -Epithelium of the ducts
Epithelium of the ducts
Sixty percent of all breast tumors are responsive to which of the following hormones? -Estrogen -Progesterone -Prolactin -Testosterone
Estrogen
Which hormone or combination of hormones used to treat menopausal symptoms presents the greatest risk for breast cancer? -Estrogen-progestin -Estrogen -HCG -Progesterone
Estrogen-progestin
T/F: A woman's breasts are always equal in size
FALSE
T/F: Accessory breasts and nipples tend to cause other medical problems during development.
FALSE
T/F: An axillary lymph node containing metastatic carcinoma is called a sentinel lymph
FALSE
T/F: An estrogen-receptor- negative breast carcinoma is usually treated with the drug tamoxifen
FALSE
T/F: Gynecomastia results from a permanent physiological imbalance of male and female hormones that sometimes occurs in the male at puberty.
FALSE
T/F: Hypertrophy is primarily caused by overgrowth of glandular tissue.
FALSE
T/F: Today, disturbing menopausal symptoms are *not* treated by hormones.
FALSE
T/F: When treating carcinoma, the long-term results of total mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection are much better than the results of partial mastectomy or lumpectomy followed by radiation therapy
FALSE
What is a benign, well circumscribed tumor of fibrous and glandular breast tissues that is seen most commonly in young women? -Benign cystic disease -Benign fibrocystic disease -Gynecomastia -Fibroadenoma
Fibroadenoma
What are lymph nodes located above the clavicle?
Supraclavicular
What are bands of fibrous tissue that connect breasts to chest wall?
Suspensory ligaments
T/F: An estrogen-receptor-positive breast carcinoma has a better prognosis than a breast carcinoma lacking hormone receptors
TRUE
T/F: An extra nipple may occur in men as well as women
TRUE
T/F: Breasts are modified sweat glands
TRUE
T/F: Ductal carcinomas make up 90% of all carcinomas
TRUE
T/F: Estrogen plus progestin increases the risk of breast carcinoma
TRUE
T/F: Hormones have been used to treat menopausal symptoms for many years.
TRUE
T/F: Mutations of either the BRCA1 gene or BRCA2 gene increase the long-term risk of both breast and ovarian carcinoma
TRUE
T/F: The breasts of postmenopausal women contain more fat and less glandular tissue than the breasts of younger women
TRUE
What is a characteristic of BRCA2? -Women who have it have a significantly lower risk for breast cancer. -Women who have it have a 10 to 20% chance of developing an ovarian cancer. -Women who have it have an increased risk for uterine cancer. -Women who have it have a 20 to 40% chance of developing an ovarian cancer.
Woman who have it have a 10-20%* chance of developing an ovarian cancer
When does fibroadenoma most frequently occur? -In puberty -3rd to 4th decade -In menopause -4th to 5th decade
3rd to 4th decade
Which structures form the TDLU of the breast? -Acini and stromal tissue -Interlobar ducts, acini, and stromal tissue -Acini and ducts -Lobes, ductules, and interlobular ducts
Lobes, ductules, and interlobular ducts
What cells are the source of milk during lactation? -Glandular cells -Myoepithelial cells -Adipose cells -Luminal epithelial cells
Luminal epithelial cells
What is the most common clinical manifestation of breast cancer? -Lump -Nipple or skin retraction -Pain -Bloody discharge
Lump
What is the TNM system? -The radiographic procedures available for breast cancer. -The histologic grade of the cancer. -The staging system for breast cancer. -The measurement of the invasion of the cancer into nearby lymph nodes.
The staging system for breast cancer
