CHAPTER 17 BIO 2401

The term diabetes mellitus is derived from the phrase

"sweet urine"

all type__diabetes require daily insulin shots

1

Which hormone triggers the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex

ACTH

Heart

ANP

Permissive

An example is up-regulation of one hormone's receptors by another hormone

Adenohypophysis

Anterior pituitary

a hormone secreted by the hypothalamus is_____

CRH

kidneys

EPO calcitriol

Considered gonadotropons

FSH LH

whne the hypothalamus releases___,the anteripe pituitary then releases growth hormone

GHRH

Stomach

Gastrin

Pancreas

Insulin glucagon

Neurohypophysis

Posterior pituitary

Down-regulation

Reduction in receptors when a horomone's concentration remains high

anterior pituitary gland

TSH ACTH growth hormone

Antagonistic

Two hormones with opposite effects

Synergistic

Two hormones working together give a greater effect than either alone

___ diabetes is also known as insulin dependent diabetes mellitus

Type 1

Skin

Vitamin D

The majority of the pituitary gland is composed of the_______

adenohypophysis

The paired triangular _____ gland are found atop the superior surface of each kidney

adrenal

adrenal cortex

aldosterone glucocoriticoids

The testes produce the male sex hormones called _____, many of which are converted into testosterone

androgens

Liver

angiotensinogegn

The bulk of the pituitary gland is composed of the _____ pituitary

anterior

Which of these hormones can be triggered humorally? Choose all that apply.

antidiuretic hormoneinsulin aldosterone

humoral trigger

antidiuretic hormone (stimulates kidneys to retain water) aldosterone stimulates kidneys to excrete excess potassium insulin stimulates many cells to absorb glucose from the bloodstream calcitonin (deposits calcium into bone)

Elcosanoids are locally acting hormones. If they Target the same cells from which they were released this is an example of _____ stimulation

autocrine

lipid soluble hormones travel in the blood joined to a protein carrier and are thus called ____ hormones

bound

thyroxine

chronic, hormonal

cortisol

chronic, usually, but increases episodically; hormonal

The most common glucocorticoids are _____ and corticosterone

cortisol

estrogen

cyclic, hormonal

Ways that hormones are eliminated from the bloodstream

degradation by enzymes excretion by the kidneys

what are the two major controlling systems of the body

endocrine and nervous system

hormones that are transported in the blood are released from ___ __.

endocrine glands

adrenal medulla

epinephrine norepinephrine

neural trigger

epinephrine "fight or flight" hormone secreted when stressed melatonin (inhibited in the light secreted in the dark)

epinephrine

episodic, neural

insulin

episodic, typically humoral but also neural

synergistic

estrogen and progesterone are more powerful together than alone

____ diabetes is associated with some pregnant women

gestational

antagonistic

glucagon and insulin raise and lower blood sugar levels respectively

multi step signal transduction pathways provide ____ opportunities to regulate pathway activity than direct pathways

greater

hormonal trigger

growth hormone chronically secreted from anterior pituitary gland thyroxine chronically secreted from anterior pituitary gland

Hormones can be released as direct response to

hormonal humoral Neural

hormones can be released as a direct response to

hormonal neural humoral

thyroid hormones have which of the following effects

increasing body temperature increasing metabolism

The hypothalamus is located...

inferior to the third ventricle of the brain.

thyrotropin releasing hormone is released from the hypothalamus is response to which of the following stimuil

low body temperature a decreased level of thyroid hormone in the blood

lipid soluble hormone

major organelle involved in synthesis smooth ER transport in blood binds to plasma proteins pathway for secretion simple diffusion through plasma membrane

if a women has an overactive zona reticularis, she will experience which of the following

masculinization

MSH stands for _____ stimulating hormone

melanocyte

The pineal gland secretes a hormone called

melatonin

pineal gland

melatonin

The more receptors a cell has for a hormone, the ____ sensitive it is to that hormone

more

In a histological section of the hypothalamus, what kind of cells would you most likely see?

neurons

water soluble hormones bind to their target calls receptors found

on the surface of the plasma membrane

posterior pituitary gland

oxytoci ADH

hormones made in the hypothlamus

oxytocin ADH

posterior pituitary stores hormones

oxytocin ADH

permissive

oxytocin does not cause the release of milk in absence of prolactin

major organs of the body

parathyroid gland pineal gland

water soluble hormone

pathway for secretion exocytosis of secretory vesicles major organelle involved in hormone production Rough ER transport in the blood dissolved or suspended in plasma

which endocrine gland is found in the epithalamus of the brain

pineal gland

Types of locally acting hormones called eicosanoilds

prostaglandins Thromboxanes Leukotrienes

The endocrine system has many functions in the body including

regulating blood composition controlling metabolism overseeing reproductive functions

regulatory hormones released by the hypothalamus

releasing inhibiting

the hormone and enzyme that the kidneys secrete are?

renin calcitriol erythropoietin

Which of these functions is regulated by a pituitary hormone?

reproduction growth metabolism

GH stimulates cell growth, targeting primarilt the ____ and ____ systems.

skeletal muscular

The pituitary gland is located with in the sella turcica of the _____ bone.

sphenoid

Cells with receptors for particular hormone are called______ cells for that hormone

target

what is the full name of the hormone T4

tetraiodothyronine

hormones are classified based on their chemical structure into how many distinct groups

three

The____ gland is located immediately inferior to the larynx and anterior to the trachea

thyroid

thyroid gland

thyroxine calcitonin

True or false: the hypothalamus is part of the brain.

true

The posterior pituitary gland releases____ hormones

two

Check all of the following that are characteristic of water-soluble hormones:

typically made by Rough ER Target cell receptor is in the plasma membrane Activated target cell through a second messenger system

if a target cell is continually understimulated by particular hormone it has receptors to, it will increase the number of receptors it has through ______ regulation

up

symptoms associated with hypothyroidism

weight gain sluggishness feeling cold

adrenal cortex superficial to deep

zona glomerulosa zona reticularis zona fasciculata