CHAPTER 17 BIO 2401
The term diabetes mellitus is derived from the phrase
"sweet urine"
all type__diabetes require daily insulin shots
1
Which hormone triggers the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex
ACTH
Heart
ANP
Permissive
An example is up-regulation of one hormone's receptors by another hormone
Adenohypophysis
Anterior pituitary
a hormone secreted by the hypothalamus is_____
CRH
kidneys
EPO calcitriol
Considered gonadotropons
FSH LH
whne the hypothalamus releases___,the anteripe pituitary then releases growth hormone
GHRH
Stomach
Gastrin
Pancreas
Insulin glucagon
Neurohypophysis
Posterior pituitary
Down-regulation
Reduction in receptors when a horomone's concentration remains high
anterior pituitary gland
TSH ACTH growth hormone
Antagonistic
Two hormones with opposite effects
Synergistic
Two hormones working together give a greater effect than either alone
___ diabetes is also known as insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
Type 1
Skin
Vitamin D
The majority of the pituitary gland is composed of the_______
adenohypophysis
The paired triangular _____ gland are found atop the superior surface of each kidney
adrenal
adrenal cortex
aldosterone glucocoriticoids
The testes produce the male sex hormones called _____, many of which are converted into testosterone
androgens
Liver
angiotensinogegn
The bulk of the pituitary gland is composed of the _____ pituitary
anterior
Which of these hormones can be triggered humorally? Choose all that apply.
antidiuretic hormoneinsulin aldosterone
humoral trigger
antidiuretic hormone (stimulates kidneys to retain water) aldosterone stimulates kidneys to excrete excess potassium insulin stimulates many cells to absorb glucose from the bloodstream calcitonin (deposits calcium into bone)
Elcosanoids are locally acting hormones. If they Target the same cells from which they were released this is an example of _____ stimulation
autocrine
lipid soluble hormones travel in the blood joined to a protein carrier and are thus called ____ hormones
bound
thyroxine
chronic, hormonal
cortisol
chronic, usually, but increases episodically; hormonal
The most common glucocorticoids are _____ and corticosterone
cortisol
estrogen
cyclic, hormonal
Ways that hormones are eliminated from the bloodstream
degradation by enzymes excretion by the kidneys
what are the two major controlling systems of the body
endocrine and nervous system
hormones that are transported in the blood are released from ___ __.
endocrine glands
adrenal medulla
epinephrine norepinephrine
neural trigger
epinephrine "fight or flight" hormone secreted when stressed melatonin (inhibited in the light secreted in the dark)
epinephrine
episodic, neural
insulin
episodic, typically humoral but also neural
synergistic
estrogen and progesterone are more powerful together than alone
____ diabetes is associated with some pregnant women
gestational
antagonistic
glucagon and insulin raise and lower blood sugar levels respectively
multi step signal transduction pathways provide ____ opportunities to regulate pathway activity than direct pathways
greater
hormonal trigger
growth hormone chronically secreted from anterior pituitary gland thyroxine chronically secreted from anterior pituitary gland
Hormones can be released as direct response to
hormonal humoral Neural
hormones can be released as a direct response to
hormonal neural humoral
thyroid hormones have which of the following effects
increasing body temperature increasing metabolism
The hypothalamus is located...
inferior to the third ventricle of the brain.
thyrotropin releasing hormone is released from the hypothalamus is response to which of the following stimuil
low body temperature a decreased level of thyroid hormone in the blood
lipid soluble hormone
major organelle involved in synthesis smooth ER transport in blood binds to plasma proteins pathway for secretion simple diffusion through plasma membrane
if a women has an overactive zona reticularis, she will experience which of the following
masculinization
MSH stands for _____ stimulating hormone
melanocyte
The pineal gland secretes a hormone called
melatonin
pineal gland
melatonin
The more receptors a cell has for a hormone, the ____ sensitive it is to that hormone
more
In a histological section of the hypothalamus, what kind of cells would you most likely see?
neurons
water soluble hormones bind to their target calls receptors found
on the surface of the plasma membrane
posterior pituitary gland
oxytoci ADH
hormones made in the hypothlamus
oxytocin ADH
posterior pituitary stores hormones
oxytocin ADH
permissive
oxytocin does not cause the release of milk in absence of prolactin
major organs of the body
parathyroid gland pineal gland
water soluble hormone
pathway for secretion exocytosis of secretory vesicles major organelle involved in hormone production Rough ER transport in the blood dissolved or suspended in plasma
which endocrine gland is found in the epithalamus of the brain
pineal gland
Types of locally acting hormones called eicosanoilds
prostaglandins Thromboxanes Leukotrienes
The endocrine system has many functions in the body including
regulating blood composition controlling metabolism overseeing reproductive functions
regulatory hormones released by the hypothalamus
releasing inhibiting
the hormone and enzyme that the kidneys secrete are?
renin calcitriol erythropoietin
Which of these functions is regulated by a pituitary hormone?
reproduction growth metabolism
GH stimulates cell growth, targeting primarilt the ____ and ____ systems.
skeletal muscular
The pituitary gland is located with in the sella turcica of the _____ bone.
sphenoid
Cells with receptors for particular hormone are called______ cells for that hormone
target
what is the full name of the hormone T4
tetraiodothyronine
hormones are classified based on their chemical structure into how many distinct groups
three
The____ gland is located immediately inferior to the larynx and anterior to the trachea
thyroid
thyroid gland
thyroxine calcitonin
True or false: the hypothalamus is part of the brain.
true
The posterior pituitary gland releases____ hormones
two
Check all of the following that are characteristic of water-soluble hormones:
typically made by Rough ER Target cell receptor is in the plasma membrane Activated target cell through a second messenger system
if a target cell is continually understimulated by particular hormone it has receptors to, it will increase the number of receptors it has through ______ regulation
up
symptoms associated with hypothyroidism
weight gain sluggishness feeling cold
adrenal cortex superficial to deep
zona glomerulosa zona reticularis zona fasciculata