Chapter 17 - Endocrine Learn Smart
Place the following events in order
1. Hypothalamus releases CRH 2. Anterior pituitary land releases ACTH 3. Adrenal cortex releases cortisol
Place the following events in order
1. Low TH levels stimulate the hypothalamus 2. The hypothalamus releases TRH 3. TRH stimulates the anterior pituitary 4. The anterior pituitary releases TSH 5. TSH stimulates the thyroid gland 6. The thyroid gland produces TH
The stages of the stress response in chronological order:
1. The alarm reaction 2. The stage of Resistance 3. The stage of exhaustion
Place the following events from the picture in order:
1. hypothalamus releases TRH 2, Anterior pituitary releases TSH 3. Thyroid Releases TH
What are the layers of the adrenal cortex?
A - zona glomerulosa B - zona fasciculata C - zona reticularus
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is released from the hypothalamus in response to which of the following stimuli?
A decreased level of thyroid hormone in the blood. Low body temperature
Identify the hormones in the figure A B C
A-GnRH B-GH C- IGH
Which are hormones that are released from the posterior pituitary gland?
ADH Oxytocin
Which of the following is an example of hormone releases in response to a humoral stimulus?
After eating a candy bar your pancreas releases insulin
The ________ pituitary gland is the part of the pituitary gland that both produces and secretes hormones.
Anterior
Gestational Diabetes
Associated with Pregnancy
A hormone secreted by the hypothalamus is ________?
CRH
If a target cell is becoming overstimulated by a particular hormone, in general it will ________ the number of receptors it has for that particular hormone in order to maintain homeostasis.
Decrease
Hormone Description Steroid
Derived from cholesterol and lipid-soluble
Which of the following hormones are considered gonadoptropins?
FSH LH
A hormone only has receptors on one type of cell in the body. T/F
False
The stage of exhaustion
Fat stores are depleted and the body breaks down protein
In acromegaly, the individual doesn't grow in height, but the bones of the ______, ________, and ______ enlarge and widen.
Feet Face Hands
What is reduced as a consequence of an aging endocrine system?
GH Levels Sex hormone levels muscle mass
A hormone secreted by the hypothalamus is ________?
GnRH
______ stimulates cell growth and cell division specifically in bones and muscles.
Growth hormone
When a water-soluble binds to its target cell, the subsequent cascade of intracellular chemical reactions can result in which of the following
Increases permeability of the cell membrane muscle contraction
What is the name of the stalk A?
Infundibulum
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is
Insulin-independent
Which of the following are types of locally-acting hormones called eicosanoids?
Leukotrienes Prostaglandins Thromboxenes
Less severe type 2 diabetics can be treated with which of the following treatments ?
Medications that enhance insulin release. Exercise Diet
The outer region of the adrenal gland is the cortex, within which lies the inner region called the adrenal _____?
Medulla
Which hormone helps set your "biological clock?"
Melatonin
Which of the following are considered major endocrine organs of the body?
Pineal Gland Parathyroid Gland
Hormone description Protein
Short chains of amino acids and water-soluble
The Stage of Resistance
The endocrine system mobilizes energy reserves
The Alarm Reaction
The sympathetic division of the nervous system releases epinephrine
The anterior pituitary gland is also referred to as the _______?
adenohypophysis
The majority of the pituitary gland is composed of the ______?
adenohypophysis
The bulk of the pituitary gland is composed of the _______ pituitary?
anterior
Eicosanoids are locally acting hormones. If they target the same cells from which they are released, this is an example of __________ stimulation.
autocrine
Lipid - Soluble hormones travel in the blood joined to a protein carrier and are thus called ______?
bound
Type 2 diabetes results from either decreased insulin release or _______?
decreased insulin effectiveness.
The pineal gland is a small, cone-shaped structure attached to the posterior portion of the _________.
epithalamus
Identify which are ways that hormones are eliminated from the bloodstream.
exectrion of the kidneys degradation by enzymes
Which of the following are symptoms associated with hypothyroidism?
feeling cold weight gain slugishness
The person has an enlargement of their thyroid is known as what?
goiter
This person has an enlargement of their thyroid is known as what?
goiter
The type of endocrine stimulation shown in picture B is _______ stimulation?
humoral
Hormones can be released as a direct response to which of the following stimuli?
humoral neural hormonal
In the figure, the letter A represents the ________ and the letter B represents the __________.
hypothalamus, infundibulum
The thymus is relatively large in:
infants
Type 1 diabetes is
insulin-dependent
The name of the narrow midline of the gland pictures here (letter A) is the _______ of the thyroid.
isthmus
The thyroid gland has left and right _______ connected by a narrow isthmus in the midline.
lobes
Menstrual cramps are caused by prostaglandins which are both produced by and affect the uterus. Because they are produced by and affect the same area of the body they are considered _______ hormones.
local
MSH stands for ______ stimulating hormone
melanocycte
MSH stands for _______ stimulating hormone.
melanocyte
Hormone description Biogenic amine
modified amino-acids an water soluble
The more receptors a cell has for a hormone, the ______ sensitive it is to that hormone.
more
Which hormone does A store?
oxytocin TSH
The _______ glands are located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland.
parathyroid
Aging ______ the efficiency of the endocrine system functions?
reduces
The pituitary gland is located within the sella turcica of the ______ bone?
sphenoid
What is the full name of the hormone T4?
thyroxine
What is the full name as T3?
triidothyronine
If a target cell is continually under-stimulated by a particular hormone it has receptors to, it will increase the number of receptors it has through ________ regulation.
up
The term diabetes mellitus is derived from the phrase "sweet ______."
urine
The effects of hyperthyroidism
weight loss hyperactivity increased metabolic rate