Chapter 17 - Endocrine Learn Smart

Place the following events in order

1. Hypothalamus releases CRH 2. Anterior pituitary land releases ACTH 3. Adrenal cortex releases cortisol

Place the following events in order

1. Low TH levels stimulate the hypothalamus 2. The hypothalamus releases TRH 3. TRH stimulates the anterior pituitary 4. The anterior pituitary releases TSH 5. TSH stimulates the thyroid gland 6. The thyroid gland produces TH

The stages of the stress response in chronological order:

1. The alarm reaction 2. The stage of Resistance 3. The stage of exhaustion

Place the following events from the picture in order:

1. hypothalamus releases TRH 2, Anterior pituitary releases TSH 3. Thyroid Releases TH

What are the layers of the adrenal cortex?

A - zona glomerulosa B - zona fasciculata C - zona reticularus

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is released from the hypothalamus in response to which of the following stimuli?

A decreased level of thyroid hormone in the blood. Low body temperature

Identify the hormones in the figure A B C

A-GnRH B-GH C- IGH

Which are hormones that are released from the posterior pituitary gland?

ADH Oxytocin

Which of the following is an example of hormone releases in response to a humoral stimulus?

After eating a candy bar your pancreas releases insulin

The ________ pituitary gland is the part of the pituitary gland that both produces and secretes hormones.

Anterior

Gestational Diabetes

Associated with Pregnancy

A hormone secreted by the hypothalamus is ________?

CRH

If a target cell is becoming overstimulated by a particular hormone, in general it will ________ the number of receptors it has for that particular hormone in order to maintain homeostasis.

Decrease

Hormone Description Steroid

Derived from cholesterol and lipid-soluble

Which of the following hormones are considered gonadoptropins?

FSH LH

A hormone only has receptors on one type of cell in the body. T/F

False

The stage of exhaustion

Fat stores are depleted and the body breaks down protein

In acromegaly, the individual doesn't grow in height, but the bones of the ______, ________, and ______ enlarge and widen.

Feet Face Hands

What is reduced as a consequence of an aging endocrine system?

GH Levels Sex hormone levels muscle mass

A hormone secreted by the hypothalamus is ________?

GnRH

______ stimulates cell growth and cell division specifically in bones and muscles.

Growth hormone

When a water-soluble binds to its target cell, the subsequent cascade of intracellular chemical reactions can result in which of the following

Increases permeability of the cell membrane muscle contraction

What is the name of the stalk A?

Infundibulum

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is

Insulin-independent

Which of the following are types of locally-acting hormones called eicosanoids?

Leukotrienes Prostaglandins Thromboxenes

Less severe type 2 diabetics can be treated with which of the following treatments ?

Medications that enhance insulin release. Exercise Diet

The outer region of the adrenal gland is the cortex, within which lies the inner region called the adrenal _____?

Medulla

Which hormone helps set your "biological clock?"

Melatonin

Which of the following are considered major endocrine organs of the body?

Pineal Gland Parathyroid Gland

Hormone description Protein

Short chains of amino acids and water-soluble

The Stage of Resistance

The endocrine system mobilizes energy reserves

The Alarm Reaction

The sympathetic division of the nervous system releases epinephrine

The anterior pituitary gland is also referred to as the _______?

adenohypophysis

The majority of the pituitary gland is composed of the ______?

adenohypophysis

The bulk of the pituitary gland is composed of the _______ pituitary?

anterior

Eicosanoids are locally acting hormones. If they target the same cells from which they are released, this is an example of __________ stimulation.

autocrine

Lipid - Soluble hormones travel in the blood joined to a protein carrier and are thus called ______?

bound

Type 2 diabetes results from either decreased insulin release or _______?

decreased insulin effectiveness.

The pineal gland is a small, cone-shaped structure attached to the posterior portion of the _________.

epithalamus

Identify which are ways that hormones are eliminated from the bloodstream.

exectrion of the kidneys degradation by enzymes

Which of the following are symptoms associated with hypothyroidism?

feeling cold weight gain slugishness

The person has an enlargement of their thyroid is known as what?

goiter

This person has an enlargement of their thyroid is known as what?

goiter

The type of endocrine stimulation shown in picture B is _______ stimulation?

humoral

Hormones can be released as a direct response to which of the following stimuli?

humoral neural hormonal

In the figure, the letter A represents the ________ and the letter B represents the __________.

hypothalamus, infundibulum

The thymus is relatively large in:

infants

Type 1 diabetes is

insulin-dependent

The name of the narrow midline of the gland pictures here (letter A) is the _______ of the thyroid.

isthmus

The thyroid gland has left and right _______ connected by a narrow isthmus in the midline.

lobes

Menstrual cramps are caused by prostaglandins which are both produced by and affect the uterus. Because they are produced by and affect the same area of the body they are considered _______ hormones.

local

MSH stands for ______ stimulating hormone

melanocycte

MSH stands for _______ stimulating hormone.

melanocyte

Hormone description Biogenic amine

modified amino-acids an water soluble

The more receptors a cell has for a hormone, the ______ sensitive it is to that hormone.

more

Which hormone does A store?

oxytocin TSH

The _______ glands are located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland.

parathyroid

Aging ______ the efficiency of the endocrine system functions?

reduces

The pituitary gland is located within the sella turcica of the ______ bone?

sphenoid

What is the full name of the hormone T4?

thyroxine

What is the full name as T3?

triidothyronine

If a target cell is continually under-stimulated by a particular hormone it has receptors to, it will increase the number of receptors it has through ________ regulation.

up

The term diabetes mellitus is derived from the phrase "sweet ______."

urine

The effects of hyperthyroidism

weight loss hyperactivity increased metabolic rate