Chapter 17: Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

What is the proper order of the following events in the expression of a eukaryotic gene? 1. translation 2. RNA processing 3. transcription 4. modification of protein

3,2,1,4

What is a key difference in gene expression between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

In prokaryotic cells, the mRNA transcript is immediately available as mRNA without processing.

Genetic information of eukaryotic cells is transferred from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in the form of __________.

RNA

Which of the following catalyzes the linkage between ribonucleotides to form RNA during gene expression?

RNA polymerase

__________ is the synthesis of RNA using information in the DNA.

Transcription

__________ is the synthesis of a polypeptide using information in the mRNA.

Translation

When RNA is being made, the RNA base _________ always pairs with the base __________ in DNA.

U; A

The function of tRNA during protein synthesis is to __________.

deliver amino acids to their proper site during protein synthesis

Stop codons are unique because they __________.

do not code for amino acids that allow a releasing factor to bind to the A site of the ribosome

Insertions and deletions are called __________ mutations.

frameshift

The bonds that hold tRNA molecules in the correct three-dimensional shape are __________.

hydrogen bonds

The type of point mutation that results in a premature stop codon is called a _________ mutation.

nonsense

One strand of a DNA molecule has the following sequence: 3-AGTACAAACTATCCACCGTC-5. In order for transcription to occur in that strand, there would have to be a specific recognition sequence, called a(n) __________, to the left of the DNA sequence indicated.

promoter

Which of the following is a post-translational modification of a polypeptide?

promoter

Eukaryotic processing of the primary transcript includes __________.

the addition of a 5ꞌ cap, a 3ꞌ poly-A tail, and the splicing out of introns

Bacteria can transcribe and translate human genes to produce functional human proteins because __________.

the genetic code is nearly universal

Gene expression is __________.

the process by which DNA directs the synthesis of proteins