Chapter 17 practice test biology
____ 78. Protista is an example of a a. kingdom. c. genus. b. class. d. species.
A
What taxa do the bat and the shark share?
Kingdom, phylum
85. All names assigned to organisms under the Linnaean system are in the ____________________ language.
Latin
Scientific names of organisms consist of two English terms. _________________________
Latin Latin-like
Scientific names of organisms consist of two English terms. _________________________
Latin Latin-like
82. The current system used for naming organisms was developed by ____________________.
Linnaeaus
What characteristics do the organisms in the domains Bacteria and Archaea share?
They are prokaryotic (cells without a Nuclaeus) ; single called organisms
In the cladogram in Figure 17.1, what type of information would go in the area labeled B?
c. common ancestors
Which of the following uses mutation rates to measure evolutionary time?
c. molecular clocks
Any change in an organism's DNA is considered a(n)
c. mutation
99. A method of analysis that reconstructs phylogenies by inferring relationships based on shared characteristics is called ____________________.
cladistics
Which of the following lists Linnaean taxa in the correct order from general to specific?
a. phylum, order, family, genus
Which of the following types of evidence is considered the most accurate in classifying organisms, according to the majority of scientists?
b. Linnaean
Organisms are named and classified based on physical characteristics in
b. Linnaean taxonomy.
The modern classification system is mainly based on
b. common ancestry.
The central dogma of molecular biology states that the flow of genetic information proceeds in one direction from DNA to RNA to protein. In what order do the processes that are involved take place?
b. replication, transcription, translation
In the Linnaean system of classification, which of the following is most commonly defined as a group of organisms that can breed and produce offspring?
b. species
83. The two-word system for naming organisms is called _________________________.
binomial nomenclature
____ 62. Similar genera are grouped into a(n) a. phylum. c. family. b. class. d. order.
C.
____ 71. During Linnaeus' time, scientists divided all living organisms into a. five phyla. c. three domains. b. four families. d. two kingdoms.
D
____ 79. Which two kingdoms contain both unicellular and multicellular organisms? a. Archaea and Animalia c. Animalia and Fungi b. Protists and Bacteria d. Protista and Fungi
D
Most organisms in the kingdoms Plantae and Animalia are multicellular. _________________________
F, all
____ 43. Kingdoms are subgroups of phyla. _________________________
F, domain
____ 44. A species is a larger taxonomic group than a genus. _________________________
F, smaller
____ 39. A genus is a taxonomic category that contains several families. _________________________
F, species
____ 42. The least inclusive group to which an organism can be assigned is its kingdom. _________________________
F, species
65. Similar features that evolve through convergent evolution are called a. analogous characters. c. environmental characters. b. homologous characters. d. genetic characters.
A.
____ 56. All scientific names of organisms must be a. unique and have two Latin words. b. general and use the species name. c. different and repeat the phylum namze. d. similar and include the common name.
A.
____ 60. The largest division that a group of organisms can belong to is a a. domain. c. genus. b. class. d. kingdom.
A.
____ 66. Convergent evolution produces analogous characters in different species as the result of a. similar environments. c. sharing a common ancestor. b. different environments. d. shared derived characters.
A.
____ 68. Studies of fossils of dinosaurs and birds show that a. feathers may not be an important difference between dinosaurs and birds. b. dinosaurs can be considered to be modern descendents of birds. c. the anatomies of the dinosaurs and birds are unrelated. d. dinosaurs and birds share many analogous characters.
A.
In the 1860s, all single-celled organisms were placed in their own kingdom called.
A. Protista
Which of the following is the most abundant group of organisms on Earth?
A. Protista
74. Which of the following characteristics was used to reclassify sponges? a. body type c. cell walls b. cell type d. nutrition
B
____ 77. Which of the following is not a characteristic used to differentiate kingdoms? a. cell type c. nutrition b. root system d. body type
B
____ 54. Taxonomy is a. the study of life. b. the science of naming and classifying organisms. c. the evolutionary history of a species. d. the sequence in which different groups evolved.
B.
____ 59. Under the Linnaean system of classification, plants and animals are sorted into groups based on a. number and size. c. form and size. b. form and structure. d. number and structure.
B.
____ 63. Analogous structures a. have a common size in organisms. b. perform the same function in organisms. c. have the same structure in organisms. d. evolve from a common ancestor.
B.
____ 69. A model used by biologists to represent evolutionary history among species is called a a. phylogram. c. histogram. b. cladogram. d. parallelogram.
B.
Which structure in the cells in Figure 17.1 identifies them as eukaryotic cells?
B. Nuclaeus
A group of living organisms that can produce fertile offspring is a
B. Specie
What animals shown in Figure 17.3 are in the order Carnivora?
The wolf dog and bear
Compare this chart with Linnaean taxonomy. Name one similarity and one difference.
Both Linnaean system and this chart have kindom level. The Linnaean system does not include domains, and originally included only two kingdoms.
75. The kingdoms Eubacteria and Archaebacteria were once grouped in a kingdom called
C
____ 55. An advantage of our scientific naming system is that a. common names mean the same in all countries. b. Latin names are easy to pronounce. c. biologists can communicate regardless of their native languages. d. organisms all have the same scientific name.
C.
____ 70. Derived characters are traits a. that are shared by all species. b. that originated in a common ancestor. c. found in closely related species. d. found in distantly related species.
C
____ 72. Which of the following terms is no longer used to describe a group of organisms in the modern classification system? a. Archaea c. Monera b. Eubacteria d. Protista
C
____ 73. Sponges are animals that were once classified as a. bacteria. c. plants. b. fungi. d. protists.
C
____ 80. Bacteria : prokaryotes :: a. Fungi : prokaryotes c. Protista : eukaryotes b. Animalia : prokaryotes d. Archaea : eukaryotes
C
____ 81. One difference between plants and animals is that plants are a. prokaryotic and animals are eukaryotic. b. eukaryotic and animals are prokaryotic. c. autotrophs and animals are heterotrophs. d. heterotrophs and animals are autotrophs.
C
64.Traditional systematics emphasizes the importance of a. derived characteristics. c. similar characteristics. b. unique characteristics. d. compared characteristics.
C.
____ 61. Placement in each level of classification is based on a. specific characteristics. c. shared characteristics. b. general characteristics. d. different characteristics.
C.
____ 67. A phylogenetic tree differs from a cladogram in that a phylogenetic tree a. hypothesizes the time at which each group of organisms evolved. b. also indicates the new characteristics that evolved with each group of organisms c. only illustrates hypothesized relationships among groups of organisms. d. predicts the next group of organisms that is expected to evolve.
C.
How many domains are there in the most current tree of life?
C. Three
100. A model developed by systematists that uses shared derived characters to show the evolutionary history of different organisms is called a(n) ____________________.
Cladogram
96. The type of evolution that results in similar characteristics found in different organisms as the result of selection within similar environments is called ____________________ evolution.
Convergent
_ 76. Four of the kingdoms include eukaryotes and the other two include a. plants. c. animals. b. fungi. d. prokaryotes.
D
____ 57. Linnaeus's two-word system for naming organisms is called a. taxonomic evolution. c. Greek polynomials. b. Genus species. d. binomial nomenclature.
D.
____ 58. In the Linnaean system of classification, the level that identifies one unique organism is the a. kingdom. c. genus. b. family. d. species.
D.
When some of a plant's cells become root cells, and other cells form the plant's stem, the plant cells are going through
D. Mutation
102. Animals that appear early on a cladogram do not share as many of the same ____________________ traits as the animals that appear later on the cladogram.
Derived
95. Analogous structures are found in ____________________ taxa as a result of similar environmental conditions.
Different
How does Figure 17.3 illustrate the idea that each level is nested in the level above it?
Each level is included in all of the more general levels above it.
88. There are ____________________ levels of classification in the modern classification system. 89. A kingdom contains many ____________________. 90. Classes with similar characteristics are assigned to a(n) ____________________.
Eight
104. Two kingdoms include prokaryotes, while four kingdoms include ____________________.
Eukaryotes
Into which domain would you place a multicellular organism with a nucleus?
Eukrya
____ 41. Linnaeus devised eight levels of classification categories for living things. _________________________
False, seven
____ 38. Genus is the basic biological unit in the Linnaean system of classification. _________________________
False: species
92. Homo habilis, Homo erectus, and Homo sapiens all belong to the same ____________________.
Importance genus
94. Unlike cladistics, traditional systematics places more ____________________ on some traits than on others.
Impotance
106. An organism made of many cells that are permanently associated and that coordinate their activities is called a(n) ____________________ organism.
Multicellular
Scientists use taxonomy to determine the evolutionary history of organisms. _________________________
Organize their knowledge
105. Bacteria have strong exterior cell walls made of ____________________.
Peptidoglycen
89. A kingdom contains many ____________________.
Phyla
97. The evolutionary history of a species is called its ____________________.
Phylogeny
90. Classes with similar characteristics are assigned to a(n) ____________________.
Phylum characteristics
Which kingdoms were considered kingdoms in 1753 as well as today?
Plantae and anamalia
107. Eukaryotes that are not fungi, plants, or animals are called ____________________.h level of classification is based on ____________________ shared by all the organisms it contains.
Protist
103. Modern systematic biologists use the ____________________ rate of DNA mutations like a "molecular clock."
Relatively constant
86. The unique two-word name for a species is its ____________________ name.
Scientific
93. Traditionally, scientists have used differences in appearance and ____________________ to classify organisms.
Structure
91. Each level of classification is based on ____________________ shared by all the organisms it contains.
Stucture characteristics
Taxonomy provides consistent ways to name organisms. _________________________
Taxa
According to this classification, is the wolf more closely related to the bear or the bat?
The bear
____ 37. Two different organisms cannot have the same scientific name. _________________________
True
____ 40. Under the Linnaean system of classification, organisms are grouped on the basis of similarities in structure. _________________________
True
____ 45. Bird wings and insect wings are examples of analogous structures. _________________________
True
____ 46. Organisms that have similar traits but evolved independently are the result of convergent evolution. _________________________
True
____ 47. Cladistics is used to determine the sequence in which different groups of organisms evolved. _________________________
True
____ 48. In modern systematics, studies of the changes in the skeletons of vertebrates have helped researchers to estimate the time at which each species began to evolve. _________________________
True
____ 49. Comparing the sequence of DNA bases in the genes of several organisms is used to determine the order in which the organisms evolved. _________________________
True
____ 50. All organisms in the kingdom Animalia are multicellular heterotrophs whose cells lack cell walls. ________________________
True
____ 51. Archaea are eukaryotes that are characterized by several unique biochemical characteristics. _________________________
True
____ 52. Traditionally, bacteria have been classified on the basis of their shape, cell wall composition, and metabolism. _________________________
True
98. Shared derived characters are found in organisms that once shared a(n) ____________________ ancestor.
common
84. The scientific name of an organism gives biologists a common way of ____________________ regardless of their native languages.
communicating
Carl Woese divided the kingdom Monera into the kingdoms Bacteria and
d. Archaea
Figure 17.2 shows one set of genetic differences between humans and other animals. By this measure, which listed species is most related to humans?
d. chimpanzee
In the blank cladogram in Figure 17.1, what type of information would go on the lines labeled A?
d. derived characters
87. All living things are grouped into one of three ____________________.
domain
101. Cladistics is used to determine the ____________________ in which different groups of organisms evolved.
sequence order
