Chapter 17 practice test biology

____ 78. Protista is an example of a a. kingdom. c. genus. b. class. d. species.

A

What taxa do the bat and the shark share?

Kingdom, phylum

85. All names assigned to organisms under the Linnaean system are in the ____________________ language.

Latin

Scientific names of organisms consist of two English terms. _________________________

Latin Latin-like

Scientific names of organisms consist of two English terms. _________________________

Latin Latin-like

82. The current system used for naming organisms was developed by ____________________.

Linnaeaus

What characteristics do the organisms in the domains Bacteria and Archaea share?

They are prokaryotic (cells without a Nuclaeus) ; single called organisms

In the cladogram in Figure 17.1, what type of information would go in the area labeled B?

c. common ancestors

Which of the following uses mutation rates to measure evolutionary time?

c. molecular clocks

Any change in an organism's DNA is considered a(n)

c. mutation

99. A method of analysis that reconstructs phylogenies by inferring relationships based on shared characteristics is called ____________________.

cladistics

Which of the following lists Linnaean taxa in the correct order from general to specific?

a. phylum, order, family, genus

Which of the following types of evidence is considered the most accurate in classifying organisms, according to the majority of scientists?

b. Linnaean

Organisms are named and classified based on physical characteristics in

b. Linnaean taxonomy.

The modern classification system is mainly based on

b. common ancestry.

The central dogma of molecular biology states that the flow of genetic information proceeds in one direction from DNA to RNA to protein. In what order do the processes that are involved take place?

b. replication, transcription, translation

In the Linnaean system of classification, which of the following is most commonly defined as a group of organisms that can breed and produce offspring?

b. species

83. The two-word system for naming organisms is called _________________________.

binomial nomenclature

____ 62. Similar genera are grouped into a(n) a. phylum. c. family. b. class. d. order.

C.

____ 71. During Linnaeus' time, scientists divided all living organisms into a. five phyla. c. three domains. b. four families. d. two kingdoms.

D

____ 79. Which two kingdoms contain both unicellular and multicellular organisms? a. Archaea and Animalia c. Animalia and Fungi b. Protists and Bacteria d. Protista and Fungi

D

Most organisms in the kingdoms Plantae and Animalia are multicellular. _________________________

F, all

____ 43. Kingdoms are subgroups of phyla. _________________________

F, domain

____ 44. A species is a larger taxonomic group than a genus. _________________________

F, smaller

____ 39. A genus is a taxonomic category that contains several families. _________________________

F, species

____ 42. The least inclusive group to which an organism can be assigned is its kingdom. _________________________

F, species

65. Similar features that evolve through convergent evolution are called a. analogous characters. c. environmental characters. b. homologous characters. d. genetic characters.

A.

____ 56. All scientific names of organisms must be a. unique and have two Latin words. b. general and use the species name. c. different and repeat the phylum namze. d. similar and include the common name.

A.

____ 60. The largest division that a group of organisms can belong to is a a. domain. c. genus. b. class. d. kingdom.

A.

____ 66. Convergent evolution produces analogous characters in different species as the result of a. similar environments. c. sharing a common ancestor. b. different environments. d. shared derived characters.

A.

____ 68. Studies of fossils of dinosaurs and birds show that a. feathers may not be an important difference between dinosaurs and birds. b. dinosaurs can be considered to be modern descendents of birds. c. the anatomies of the dinosaurs and birds are unrelated. d. dinosaurs and birds share many analogous characters.

A.

In the 1860s, all single-celled organisms were placed in their own kingdom called.

A. Protista

Which of the following is the most abundant group of organisms on Earth?

A. Protista

74. Which of the following characteristics was used to reclassify sponges? a. body type c. cell walls b. cell type d. nutrition

B

____ 77. Which of the following is not a characteristic used to differentiate kingdoms? a. cell type c. nutrition b. root system d. body type

B

____ 54. Taxonomy is a. the study of life. b. the science of naming and classifying organisms. c. the evolutionary history of a species. d. the sequence in which different groups evolved.

B.

____ 59. Under the Linnaean system of classification, plants and animals are sorted into groups based on a. number and size. c. form and size. b. form and structure. d. number and structure.

B.

____ 63. Analogous structures a. have a common size in organisms. b. perform the same function in organisms. c. have the same structure in organisms. d. evolve from a common ancestor.

B.

____ 69. A model used by biologists to represent evolutionary history among species is called a a. phylogram. c. histogram. b. cladogram. d. parallelogram.

B.

Which structure in the cells in Figure 17.1 identifies them as eukaryotic cells?

B. Nuclaeus

A group of living organisms that can produce fertile offspring is a

B. Specie

What animals shown in Figure 17.3 are in the order Carnivora?

The wolf dog and bear

Compare this chart with Linnaean taxonomy. Name one similarity and one difference.

Both Linnaean system and this chart have kindom level. The Linnaean system does not include domains, and originally included only two kingdoms.

75. The kingdoms Eubacteria and Archaebacteria were once grouped in a kingdom called

C

____ 55. An advantage of our scientific naming system is that a. common names mean the same in all countries. b. Latin names are easy to pronounce. c. biologists can communicate regardless of their native languages. d. organisms all have the same scientific name.

C.

____ 70. Derived characters are traits a. that are shared by all species. b. that originated in a common ancestor. c. found in closely related species. d. found in distantly related species.

C

____ 72. Which of the following terms is no longer used to describe a group of organisms in the modern classification system? a. Archaea c. Monera b. Eubacteria d. Protista

C

____ 73. Sponges are animals that were once classified as a. bacteria. c. plants. b. fungi. d. protists.

C

____ 80. Bacteria : prokaryotes :: a. Fungi : prokaryotes c. Protista : eukaryotes b. Animalia : prokaryotes d. Archaea : eukaryotes

C

____ 81. One difference between plants and animals is that plants are a. prokaryotic and animals are eukaryotic. b. eukaryotic and animals are prokaryotic. c. autotrophs and animals are heterotrophs. d. heterotrophs and animals are autotrophs.

C

64.Traditional systematics emphasizes the importance of a. derived characteristics. c. similar characteristics. b. unique characteristics. d. compared characteristics.

C.

____ 61. Placement in each level of classification is based on a. specific characteristics. c. shared characteristics. b. general characteristics. d. different characteristics.

C.

____ 67. A phylogenetic tree differs from a cladogram in that a phylogenetic tree a. hypothesizes the time at which each group of organisms evolved. b. also indicates the new characteristics that evolved with each group of organisms c. only illustrates hypothesized relationships among groups of organisms. d. predicts the next group of organisms that is expected to evolve.

C.

How many domains are there in the most current tree of life?

C. Three

100. A model developed by systematists that uses shared derived characters to show the evolutionary history of different organisms is called a(n) ____________________.

Cladogram

96. The type of evolution that results in similar characteristics found in different organisms as the result of selection within similar environments is called ____________________ evolution.

Convergent

_ 76. Four of the kingdoms include eukaryotes and the other two include a. plants. c. animals. b. fungi. d. prokaryotes.

D

____ 57. Linnaeus's two-word system for naming organisms is called a. taxonomic evolution. c. Greek polynomials. b. Genus species. d. binomial nomenclature.

D.

____ 58. In the Linnaean system of classification, the level that identifies one unique organism is the a. kingdom. c. genus. b. family. d. species.

D.

When some of a plant's cells become root cells, and other cells form the plant's stem, the plant cells are going through

D. Mutation

102. Animals that appear early on a cladogram do not share as many of the same ____________________ traits as the animals that appear later on the cladogram.

Derived

95. Analogous structures are found in ____________________ taxa as a result of similar environmental conditions.

Different

How does Figure 17.3 illustrate the idea that each level is nested in the level above it?

Each level is included in all of the more general levels above it.

88. There are ____________________ levels of classification in the modern classification system. 89. A kingdom contains many ____________________. 90. Classes with similar characteristics are assigned to a(n) ____________________.

Eight

104. Two kingdoms include prokaryotes, while four kingdoms include ____________________.

Eukaryotes

Into which domain would you place a multicellular organism with a nucleus?

Eukrya

____ 41. Linnaeus devised eight levels of classification categories for living things. _________________________

False, seven

____ 38. Genus is the basic biological unit in the Linnaean system of classification. _________________________

False: species

92. Homo habilis, Homo erectus, and Homo sapiens all belong to the same ____________________.

Importance genus

94. Unlike cladistics, traditional systematics places more ____________________ on some traits than on others.

Impotance

106. An organism made of many cells that are permanently associated and that coordinate their activities is called a(n) ____________________ organism.

Multicellular

Scientists use taxonomy to determine the evolutionary history of organisms. _________________________

Organize their knowledge

105. Bacteria have strong exterior cell walls made of ____________________.

Peptidoglycen

89. A kingdom contains many ____________________.

Phyla

97. The evolutionary history of a species is called its ____________________.

Phylogeny

90. Classes with similar characteristics are assigned to a(n) ____________________.

Phylum characteristics

Which kingdoms were considered kingdoms in 1753 as well as today?

Plantae and anamalia

107. Eukaryotes that are not fungi, plants, or animals are called ____________________.h level of classification is based on ____________________ shared by all the organisms it contains.

Protist

103. Modern systematic biologists use the ____________________ rate of DNA mutations like a "molecular clock."

Relatively constant

86. The unique two-word name for a species is its ____________________ name.

Scientific

93. Traditionally, scientists have used differences in appearance and ____________________ to classify organisms.

Structure

91. Each level of classification is based on ____________________ shared by all the organisms it contains.

Stucture characteristics

Taxonomy provides consistent ways to name organisms. _________________________

Taxa

According to this classification, is the wolf more closely related to the bear or the bat?

The bear

____ 37. Two different organisms cannot have the same scientific name. _________________________

True

____ 40. Under the Linnaean system of classification, organisms are grouped on the basis of similarities in structure. _________________________

True

____ 45. Bird wings and insect wings are examples of analogous structures. _________________________

True

____ 46. Organisms that have similar traits but evolved independently are the result of convergent evolution. _________________________

True

____ 47. Cladistics is used to determine the sequence in which different groups of organisms evolved. _________________________

True

____ 48. In modern systematics, studies of the changes in the skeletons of vertebrates have helped researchers to estimate the time at which each species began to evolve. _________________________

True

____ 49. Comparing the sequence of DNA bases in the genes of several organisms is used to determine the order in which the organisms evolved. _________________________

True

____ 50. All organisms in the kingdom Animalia are multicellular heterotrophs whose cells lack cell walls. ________________________

True

____ 51. Archaea are eukaryotes that are characterized by several unique biochemical characteristics. _________________________

True

____ 52. Traditionally, bacteria have been classified on the basis of their shape, cell wall composition, and metabolism. _________________________

True

98. Shared derived characters are found in organisms that once shared a(n) ____________________ ancestor.

common

84. The scientific name of an organism gives biologists a common way of ____________________ regardless of their native languages.

communicating

Carl Woese divided the kingdom Monera into the kingdoms Bacteria and

d. Archaea

Figure 17.2 shows one set of genetic differences between humans and other animals. By this measure, which listed species is most related to humans?

d. chimpanzee

In the blank cladogram in Figure 17.1, what type of information would go on the lines labeled A?

d. derived characters

87. All living things are grouped into one of three ____________________.

domain

101. Cladistics is used to determine the ____________________ in which different groups of organisms evolved.

sequence order