chapter 17/18 multiple choice

What name is given to the process in which the information encoded in a strand of mRNA is used to construct a protein? RNA processing gene expression polypeptide formation transcription translation

Translation

Polypeptides are assembled from _____. hexoses glycerol nucleotides proteins amino acids

amino acid

What determines which base is to be added to an RNA strand during transcription? Hints The order of the chemical groups in the backbone of the RNA molecule The previous base Base pairing between the two DNA strands Base pairing between the DNA template strand and the RNA nucleotides

last

RNA processing converts the RNA transcript into _____. a protein DNA a eukaryotic cell mRNA a polypeptide

mRNA

What happens to RNA polymerase II after it has completed transcription of a gene? Hints It is free to bind to another promoter and begin transcription. It joins with another RNA polymerase to carry out transcription. It is degraded. It begins transcribing the next gene on the chromosome.

1

A particular triplet of bases in the template strand of DNA is 5-AGT-3. What would be the corresponding codon for the mRNA that is transcribed? 5-TCA-3 3-UCA-5 3-ACU-5 3-UGA-5

2

The direction of synthesis of an RNA transcript is _____. 1' —> 5' 5' —> 3' 1' —> 3' 3' —> 5' 2' —> 4'

2

Transcription begins at a promoter. What is a promoter? Hints Part of the RNA molecule itself A site in DNA that recruits the RNA Polymerase A site found on the RNA polymerase The same as a start codon

2

Transcription in eukaryotes requires which of the following molecules in addition to RNA polymerase? anticodons several transcription factors ribosomes and tRNA aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

2

Which of the following statements best describes the termination of transcription in prokaryotes? RNA polymerase transcribes through the polyadenylation signal, causing proteins to associate with the transcript and cut it free from the polymerase. RNA polymerase transcribes through the terminator sequence, causing the polymerase to separate from the DNA and release the transcript. Once transcription has initiated, RNA polymerase transcribes until it reaches the end of the chromosome. RNA polymerase transcribes through a stop codon, causing the polymerase to stop advancing through the gene and release the mRNA.

2

Which of these correctly illustrates the pairing of DNA and RNA nucleotides? GTTACG CAATCG GTTACG CAAUGC GTTACG GTTACG GTTACG ACCGTA GTTACG UAACAU

2

Which of the following statements best describes the promoter of a protein-coding gene? Hints The promoter is a site at which only RNA polymerase will bind. The promoter is part of the RNA molecule itself. The promoter is a nontranscribed region of a gene. The promoter is a site found on RNA polymerase.

3

Which of the following terms best describes the relationship between the newly synthesized RNA molecule and the DNA template strand? Hints Permanently base-paired Covalently bound Complementary Identical

Complementary

DNA does not store the information to synthesize which of the following? Hints Messenger RNA Organelles DNA Proteins

Organelles

What name is given to the process in which pre-mRNA is edited into mRNA? RNA processing gene expression polypeptide formation transcription translation

RNA

A codon consists of _____ bases and specifies which _____ will be inserted into the polypeptide chain. See Concept 17.1 ( page 339) Hints four ... amino acid three ... nucleotide three ... amino acid four ... fatty acid two ... nucleotide

Three... amino acids

What is the process called that converts the genetic information stored in DNA to an RNA copy? Hints Translocation Translation Replication Transcription

Transcription

What name is given to the process in which a strand of DNA is used as a template for the manufacture of a strand of pre-mRNA? RNA processing gene expression polypeptide formation transcription translation

Transcription