Chapter 18 Modern World History

Partition

a division into parts, like the 1947 division of the British colony of India into the two nations of India and Pakistan

Congress Party

a major political party in India also known as the Indian National Congress

Oslo Peace Accords

agreement in the 1993 in which Israili Prime Minister Rabin granted Palastinian Self-rule in the Gaza Strip and West Bank

Muslim League

an organization formed in 1906 to protect the interests of India's Muslims, which later proposed that India be divided into separate Muslim and Hindu nations

Vasir Arafat

head of PLO- carried out many attacks against Israel

Jawaharal Nehru

was a great Indian nationalist leader who worked for independence and social reform. He became first prime minister of independent India, a position he retained until his death. He initiated India's nonalignment policy in foreign affairs.

Golda Meir

(1898-1978) Israeli politician; she was the prime minister of Israel during the Yom Kippur War and sought assistance and supplies from the United States.

Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Indian Muslim politician who founded the state of Pakistan. A lawyer by training, he joined the All-India Muslim League in 1913. As leader of the League from the 1920s on, he negotiated with the British/INC for Muslim Political Rights

Indira Gandhi

Daughter of Jawaharlal Nehru, India's first prime minister. She was also prime minister of India from 1966 to 1977.

PLO

Palestine Liberation Organization- an organization dedicated tothe establishment of an independent state for palestinians in the Middle East

Intifada

Paletinian campaign of civil disobediance against Israili occupation of the West Bank and Gaza Strip, which continued into the 1990's

Anwar Sadat

Successor of Abdel Nasser and served as President of Egypt from 1970-1981; allowed the Muslim Brotherhood to operate as a political party; made peace with Israel in 1978; caused Egypt to be expelled from the Arab League; assassinated by Khalid Islambuli in '81.

Camp David Accords

The first signed agreement between Israel and an Arab country, in which Egyptian president Anwar Sadat recognized Israel as a legitimate state and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin agreed to return the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt.

Benazir Bhutto

When she became prime minister of Pakistan, she became the first woman to govern a Muslim country. Died 2007