Chapter 18 NCLEX-Style Review Questions

To maximize the prevention of an incisional infection, when will the nurse administer the prophylactic antibiotic therapy prescribed for a surgical client?

1 hour prior to the first planned skin incision

A client being treated with an oral penicillin should be encouraged to administer the medication on which schedule to best achieve a therapeutic effect?

1. around the clock 2. at regular intervals

Cultures reveal methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus in a client's postoperative wound. What medication should the nurse anticipate being prescribed for this client?

1. dicloxacillin 2. oxacillin 3. nafcillin

A client with a complex medical history is scheduled to begin treatment with an IV cephalosporin. After the initiation of therapy, the nurse should monitor the client for which potential adverse effects of intravenous cephalosporin therapy?

1. nausea and vomiting 2. diarrhea 3. abdominal pain

A client has been diagnosed with an infected postoperative wound, and cultures reveal methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The client is currently receiving intravenous cefarolin because in vitro testing indicates susceptibility. When considering the effectiveness of this client's treatment, what is the nurse's best action?

Administer the medication as ordered and monitor for expected outcomes.

A client, being treated for cellulitis with a cephalosporin, asks what the essential difference is between generations of this medication. The nurse should respond to the client's question based on what fact?

Each successive generation is more effective against gram-negative microorganisms.

How will a client's diagnosis of liver cirrhosis affect the potential use of appropriate ampicillin therapy to treat an infected pressure ulcer?

The client can safely be treated with ampicillin.

A client, receiving the first dose of IV ampicillin, asks the nurse to evaluate a rash on his or her torso. What should be the nurse's initial response to the client's rash?

attempt to differentiate a hypersensitivity reaction from a nonallergic ampicillin rash

A client, being prepared for surgery, has been prescribed prophylactic antibiotics. What medications would the nurse anticipate being ordered?

cefazolin

Penicillins are most effective when used to treat what type of microorganisms?

gram-positive bacteria

What preexisting condition would cause the nurse to question a prescription for the administration of intramuscular (IM) imipenem-cilastatin?

history of atrioventricular block

The nurse is justified in suspecting that a client who recently completed a course of ceftaroline may have been treated for what health problem?

methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection

The nurse has encouraged a client prescribed oral amoxicillin to take this medication with fluids but the exception of what beverage?

orange juice

A client diagnosed with streptococcal pharyngitis should be educated concerning which drug?

penicillin G & penicillin V

What event triggers the development of a superinfection?

proliferation of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms