Chapter 18 Quiz

The United States proposed the "open door" policy in China to enable both its commercial and religious aspirations there. A.) True B.) False

Correct Answer: A.) True

In the early twentieth century, women exercised no means of control over reproduction. A.) True B.) False

Correct Answer: B.) False

Which of the following was a direct response to anxiety over a loss of dominance by people of European descent in the United States during the late 19th and early 20th centuries? A.) The expulsion of Mexican Americans from the southwestern United States B.) Increased support for more restrictive immigration policies C.) The closing of the frontiers to new immigrants D.) Increased support for more immigrants from southern and eastern Europe

Correct Answer: B.) Increased support for more restrictive immigration policies

In the period from 1845 to 1900, what factors in China led large numbers of people to emigrate to the Americas and Oceania? A.) Expulsion of dissidents by the Qing government B.) Population pressure and a shortage of cultivatable land C.) Promises of freedom from oppressive rule D.) The one-child policy

Correct Answer: B.) Population pressure and a shortage of cultivatable land

Which of the following is an example of a form of entertainment appealing to the masses that emerged at the end of the 19th century? A.) Opera B.) Novels C.) Sports D.) Dancing

Correct Answer: C.) Sports

Which of the following was often cited by Western imperialists as evidence for the improvement of women's lives under colonial rule? A.) Colonial laws prohibited 'sati' and female genital mutilation. B.) Colonial laws required equal pay for women employed in plantation agriculture. C.) Women had equal access to education in missionary and colonial schools. D.) Women were freed from homesteading chores when African gold and silver mines opened.

Correct Answer: A.) Colonial laws prohibited 'sati' and female genital mutilation.

The idea of "the primitive" was used by early 20th-century European artists to symbolize which of the following? A.) Forces that reason could not control B.) The diversity of nature C.) Repression of sexual desire D.) The triumph of the Enlightenment

Correct Answer: A.) Forces that reason could not control

On what was Sun Yat-sen's version of Chinese nationhood based? A.) Han Chinese nationalism B.) The modernization of the Qing military establishment C.) The strength of China's multinational, multicultural population D.) Communist political philosophy

Correct Answer: A.) Han Chinese nationalism

At the turn of the 20th century, "modernism" reflected which of the following? A.) Intellectuals, artists, and scientists sensed that traditional answers were no longer adequate to explain the changes in society. B.) Confidence that 19th-century economic and social progress would extend into the 20th century. C.) Enlightenment ideals and trust in reason were extended into a new intellectual environment. D.) Intellectuals were unwilling to look beyond Europe for cultural and intellectual inspiration.

Correct Answer: A.) Intellectuals, artists, and scientists sensed that traditional answers were no longer adequate to explain the changes in society.

Why was the Mexican Revolution considered to be the most successful turn of the 20th-century revolution? A.) It transformed the country and forced later politicians to respect peasants' rights and land reform. B.) The country finally threw off colonial control and joined the other independent nations in Latin America. C.) The economic strength of Mexican ranchers was left intact, while more political power was given to the middle classes. D.) Peasants gained complete control of the economy and political system after purging the rich landowners.

Correct Answer: A.) It transformed the country and forced later politicians to respect peasants' rights and land reform.

Which of the following was a response to the rise of giant banks and industrial corporations? A.) Many economists and politicians wanted the state to manage national economies. B.) Many economists and politicians wanted a return to truly free markets. C.) International financial integration decreased. D.) Decreasing support for 'zaibatsu'.

Correct Answer: A.) Many economists and politicians wanted the state to manage national economies.

Which of the following is an example of the foreign pressure that led to the decline of Qing dynastic authority? A.) The Sino-Japanese War B.) The Maji Maji Revolt C.) The Self-Strengthening Movement D.) The Taiping Rebellion

Correct Answer: A.) The Sino-Japanese War

Why did Indian nationalism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries pose a different challenge to British rule than had the 1857 Indian Rebellion? A.) The nationalist leaders imagined an Indian national community that encompassed the whole of British India rather than defending local identities. B.) The nationalists' anarchic beliefs meant that their actions could not often be predicted. C.) The nationalists had much stronger ties to India's peasant majority than had the 1857 rebels. D.) The nationalists relied on religious symbolism, which the 1857 rebels had ignored.

Correct Answer: A.) The nationalist leaders imagined an Indian national community that encompassed the whole of British India rather than defending local identities.

Advocates for imperialism reacted to news of the turmoil in the Belgian and German African colonies with sentiments reflected by which statement below? A.) The specific situation that had led to the unrest was an exception to the enlightened rule of most European countries. B.) European countries should grant their colonies independence as soon as the people were ready to assume self-government. C.) African colonial subjects were too difficult to continue to control. D.) Colonial subjects had been enthralled by hostile religious leaders.

Correct Answer: A.) The specific situation that had led to the unrest was an exception to the enlightened rule of most European countries.

The formalization of colloquial languages such as Hindi and Tamil by Western-educated elites helped build a sense of Indian national identity. A.) True B.) False

Correct Answer: A.) True

How did German chancellor Otto von Bismarck seek to defuse socialist activism in his country? A.) By infiltrating radical groups with secret state agents B.) By enacting social welfare measures C.) By deporting known pro-revolutionary activists to Russia D.) By starting his own revolution and overthrowing the Kaiser

Correct Answer: B.) By enacting social welfare measures

In which African colonies was resistance to colonial rule the strongest? A.) Colonies where Europeans ruled autocratically B.) Colonies in which Europeans had conquered African peoples, regardless of the manner in which Europeans ruled C.) Colonies where Europeans left African traditional leadership in place D.) Colonies where the arrival of railroads and telegraph lines bisected traditional ethnic boundaries

Correct Answer: B.) Colonies in which Europeans had conquered African peoples, regardless of the manner in which Europeans ruled

As large banks and huge industrial corporations gained control of the international economy, most critics called for a return to free market capitalism. A.) True B.) False

Correct Answer: B.) False

By the turn of the 20th century, Adam Smith's vision of laissez-faire capitalism had come to fruition. A.) True B.) False

Correct Answer: B.) False

Modern artists, such as Picasso and Schönberg, turned increasingly to traditional realism in order to appeal to the masses. A.) True B.) False

Correct Answer: B.) False

According to Sun Yat-sen, what was demonstrated by the existence of different racial or ethnic groups in China? A.) China would be made stronger by having different groups, such as the Tibetans or Muslims, as part of their society. B.) It showed incomplete assimilation into Han culture. C.) Chinese nationalism was based on expelling the Manchus while accepting all other peoples within China's borders. D.) It showed that the Manchus had failed to completely conquer China.

Correct Answer: B.) It showed incomplete assimilation into Han culture.

How did the assumptions made by scientists in the modernist era differ from those of Enlightenment-era scientists? A.) Modernist scientists believed they had found the key to controlling nature. B.) Modernist scientists thought in terms of probabilities rather than certainties. C.) Modernist scientists relied more on received tradition than had Enlightenment scientists. D.) Modernist scientists found their inspiration within the theories of Newton and Galileo.

Correct Answer: B.) Modernist scientists thought in terms of probabilities rather than certainties.

Which of the following was a common response to class conflict in late 19th-century and early 20th-century Western Europe? A.) Violent revolution and overthrow of repressive governments B.) The growth of labor parties to participate in electoral politics C.) Reinforcement of autocratic political systems D.) The rise of anarchism as a major political force

Correct Answer: B.) The growth of labor parties to participate in electoral politics

Which of the following factors challenged the 19th-century idea of "separate spheres" for women and men? A.) The cult of domesticity B.) The movement of more women into the paid labor force C.) The Red Lantern movement D.) The participation of large numbers of women in electoral politics

Correct Answer: B.) The movement of more women into the paid labor force

What role did the Red Lanterns play in the Boxer Uprising? A.) Their scholarly and theological accomplishments complemented the Boxers' martial skill. B.) Their purity and loyalty to the Boxers' cause seemed to counteract the threat posed by Christianity. C.) Their contacts with the Qing ruling family enhanced the Boxers' access to resources. D.) Their relationships with Christian missionaries helped the Boxers to target foreigners.

Correct Answer: B.) Their purity and loyalty to the Boxers' cause seemed to counteract the threat posed by Christianity.

In order to establish a modern national identity, both Indian and Latin American intellectuals turned to which of the following? A.) They turned to universalizing religion to create a common bond. B.) They rewrote the histories of ancient empires and kingdoms to create a cultural basis for national identity. C.) They created a new literary tradition in indigenous languages. D.) They disavowed all Western education and returned to traditional forms of knowledge.

Correct Answer: B.) They rewrote the histories of ancient empires and kingdoms to create a cultural basis for national identity.

How did Sojourner Truth and Bahithat al-Badiya use religion in their respective arguments? A.) To promote a return to a traditional separation of spheres between men and women. B.) To argue that male superiority over women is a social construction. C.) Sojourner Truth depicts religion as a burden to be shed, while al-Badiya sees it as a source of inspiration. D.) Sojourner Truth shows that religion only undermines female empowerment, while al-Badiya shows that it promotes gender equality.

Correct Answer: B.) To argue that male superiority over women is a social construction.

Which of the following resulted from late 19th-century industrial capitalism? A.) Decreasing disparities in accumulated wealth B.) Decreasing the number of agrarian poor C.) Acceleration of economic boom-and-bust cycles D.) Many small producers competing with each other

Correct Answer: C.) Acceleration of economic boom-and-bust cycles

What characteristic of the present-day world economy emerged during the late 19th and early 20th centuries? A.) Reliance on free trade ideology to justify economic expansionism B.) Reliance on a gold standard C.) An unequal relationship between the industrialized world and the nonindustrialized world D.) The growth of long-distance overland trade routes

Correct Answer: C.) An unequal relationship between the industrialized world and the nonindustrialized world

Which of the following was a result of the influence of the city planning movement on urban life at the turn of the 20th century? A.) The development of growth boundaries surrounding urban areas B.) Limits on the number of new migrants to cities C.) Better sanitation and cultural amenities like museums and opera houses D.) Suburban-style developments created to house members of the working classes

Correct Answer: C.) Better sanitation and cultural amenities like museums and opera houses

The Boxer Rebellion was similar to the earlier Taiping Rebellion in which of the following ways? A.) Both were composed primarily of Chinese scholar elites. B.) Both included a pro-Christian component in their ideology. C.) Both responded to hardship and poor economic conditions in China. D.) Both remained loyal to the Qing and vented their anger against foreigners.

Correct Answer: C.) Both responded to hardship and poor economic conditions in China.

Progressive reformer'' goals included which of the following? A.) Recognizing cultural diversity and the protection of workers' ways of life B.) Protesting colonial rule and promoting independence for the world's peoples C.) Creating a more efficient society and correcting the undesirable outcomes of urbanization and industrialization D.) Encouraging industrial progress and developing financial centralization

Correct Answer: C.) Creating a more efficient society and correcting the undesirable outcomes of urbanization and industrialization

How did the Anglo-Boer War differ from other anticolonial wars in Africa? A.) It was the only such war to win autonomy from a European power before World War II. B.) It was the only avowedly Marxist anticolonial struggle in this period. C.) It was the only anticolonial war in which two white regimes were the main combatants. D.) It was the only anticolonial war to make Europeans increase their investment in colonialism.

Correct Answer: C.) It was the only anticolonial war in which two white regimes were the main combatants.

In what way did pan-Germanism differ from German nationalism? A.) German nationalism rejected the inclusion of German-speaking people outside of Prussian national borders, but all German-speakers were included in pan-Germanism. B.) German nationalism, unlike pan-Germanism, created a vibrant political and social movement. C.) Pan-Germanism motivated people to define their identity by race or blood instead of national boundaries. D.) Pan-Germanism only existed in eastern Europe, in areas not under the control of the German state.

Correct Answer: C.) Pan-Germanism motivated people to define their identity by race or blood instead of national boundaries.

Which of the following contributed to the Qing dynasty's downfall? A.) Manchu military victories B.) The Qing court's refusal to admit that reforms were needed C.) Peasants and laborers resented the high cost of reform D.) Direct intervention by European military forces

Correct Answer: C.) Peasants and laborers resented the high cost of reform

In Latin America during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, which of the following upset traditional racial hierarchies? A.) Theories of evolution that implied all humans had shared origins B.) The growth of industries that valued cheap Amerindian labor over higher-priced European labor C.) The arrival to the region of large numbers of poor immigrants from Europe D.) The growth of a large, wealthy class of mestizo entrepreneurs

Correct Answer: C.) The arrival to the region of large numbers of poor immigrants from Europe

What military tactics, which became more common during the 20th century, were implemented during the Anglo-Boer War? A.) Concentration camps and guerrilla campaigns B.) Machine guns and cavalry C.) Poison gas and machine guns D.) Spotter balloons and guerrilla campaigns

Correct Answer: A.) Concentration camps and guerrilla campaigns

Indian intellectuals used Western culture to promote Indian nationalism in which of the following ways? A.) They set up schools to ensure that Indians of all classes could read and understand important documents such as the Jamaica Letter. B.) They created a unifying national language and religion so all Indians could concentrate on expelling the British. C.) They facilitated the spread of nationalist ideas throughout British India by creating modern cultural forms such as newspapers, pamphlets, and journals. D.) They popularized and translated into Hindi and Urdu stories about Western heroes of independence such as Rob Roy and William Tell.

Correct Answer: C.) They facilitated the spread of nationalist ideas throughout British India by creating modern cultural forms such as newspapers, pamphlets, and journals.

Which of the following questions challenged Chinese intellectuals at the turn of the 20th century? A.) Whether to support the Boxer Rebellion B.) How to blend popular culture with elite culture C.) How to reduce emigration from China D.) How to balance Western thought and traditional Chinese culture

Correct Answer: D.) How to balance Western thought and traditional Chinese culture

Which of the following was a consequence of the 1907 financial crisis in the United States? A.) It proved that government regulation did not work. B.) American investors fled U.S. banks and turned to Europe as a place to invest their funds. C.) Investment in railroads declined drastically. D.) It showed how quickly national financial matters could become international affairs.

Correct Answer: D.) It showed how quickly national financial matters could become international affairs.

In what way did the upward pressure of social movements influence policymaking by elites around the turn of the 20th century? A.) Anti-imperial social movements in Europe halted the spread of new colonies. B.) Peasant uprisings in Brazil led to increased local autonomy. C.) The emergence of a durable Socialist party restructured politics in the United States. D.) Journalistic attention to unhygienic consumer products prompted new government regulations.

Correct Answer: D.) Journalistic attention to unhygienic consumer products prompted new government regulations.

The "open door policy" for access to China included which of the following concomitant attacks on traditional Chinese culture? A.) Ending foot binding B.) Forcing all publications to be printed in English C.) Imposing Western-style music D.) Support for Christian missionaries

Correct Answer: D.) Support for Christian missionaries

In Europe at the turn of the 20th century, which of the following was a manifestation of anxiety about race? A.) Increased anti-American sentiment B.) Greater government regulation of foreign banks C.) The spread of the franchise to the working class D.) The growth of anti-Semitic thought and behavior

Correct Answer: D.) The growth of anti-Semitic thought and behavior

What did Pan-Islamism ask of Muslims? A.) To withdraw from political concerns and focus on their religious activities B.) To support the multiethnic empires in which they lived C.) To create nation-states with majority Muslim populations D.) To put aside differences between Shiite and Sunni and work against European aggression

Correct Answer: D.) To put aside differences between Shiite and Sunni and work against European aggression

One result of the emergence of popular culture was: A.) the decline of institutions such as art museums and opera houses. B.) increased cultural unity, as everyone read the same books and newspapers. C.) the growth of the fashion industry. D.) the use of cultural choices to assert social or class identity.

Correct Answer: D.) the use of cultural choices to assert social or class identity.