Chapter 18- Sex for Sale
Our nation and legal system are still debating whether or not sexually explicit materials should be protected by a.the Geneva Declaration. b.freedom of speech. c.universal human rights principles. d.United Nations Resolutions.
B
Pornography became a multibillion-dollar industry when a.Fanny Hill was published. b.the first issue of Playboy was published. c.Deep Throat was marketed. d.the VCR became widely available.
B
Racial stereotypes presented in interracial pornography are an example of a.aggressive pornography. b.degrading pornography. c.erotica. d.masochistic pornography.
B
Sex workers typically engage in unprotected sex acts because a.customers refuse to provide their own condoms. b.the increase in yearly income is significant. c.they are romantically interested in the customer. d.they are trying to maximize the number of customers they service.
B
Sexually explicit material (e.g., images or text) intended to cause sexual arousal is referred to as a.erotica. b.pornography. c.obscenity. d.prostitution.
B
The 1970 United States Commission on Obscenity and Pornography concluded that sexually explicit materials had what effect on behavior? a.There were significant, long-lasting changes in behavior. b.There were no significant, long-lasting changes in behavior. c.There were changes in behavior, but they were unable to be clearly measured. d.The behavioral patterns were highly variable and inconsistent.
B
The 1986 U.S. Attorney General's Commission on Pornography recommended that a.prostitution be decriminalized. b.possession of child pornography become a felony. c.erotica be made more widely available. d.'Dial-a-Porn' telephone services should be available, but in limited numbers.
B
The U.S. Department of Justice's Child Exploitation and Obscenity Section estimates that in the United States, the median age of entry into the sex industry is between a.10 and 12 years of age. b.12 and 14 years of age. c.14 and 16 years of age. d.16 and 18 years of age.
B
The adult industry estimates that piracy of explicit material results in a a.$2 million loss each year. b.$2 billion profit each year. c.$5 million loss each year. d.$5 billion profit each year.
B
The definition of obscenity a.is essentially the same as for pornography. b.implies a personal or societal judgment. c.refers to perverse acts limited in scope. d.is primarily religiously based.
B
The exchange of sexual services for money is referred to as a.trafficking. b.prostitution. c.sexting. d.sex tourism.
B
Two unrealistic expectations that pornography can be consistently accused of perpetrating are that men ____ and women ____. a.like oral sex to be slow; like it to be rough. b.are always ready for sex; are highly responsive to any stimulation by men c.have masochistic tendencies; have sadistic tendencies d.can have multiple orgasms; faint when they have good sex
B
What were the findings of the Johnson Commission on obscenity and pornography? a.Increased availability of pornography resulted in an increase in sex offenses. b.Increased availability of pornography did not result in an increase in sex offenses. c.Decreased availability of pornography resulted in an increase in sex offenses. d.Decreased availability of pornography resulted in a decrease in sex offenses.
B
When individuals in a couple have significant differences in how frequently they want to be sexual, pornography can a.inhibit sexual arousal for masturbation for the partner with the higher sex drive. b.facilitate sexual arousal for masturbation for the partner with the higher sex drive. c.inhibit sexual arousal for masturbation for the partner with the lower sex drive. d.facilitate sexual arousal for masturbation for the partner with the lower sex drive.
B
When someone travels to another country to engage in sexual activities that are illegal in their own country, they are known as a a.'John.' b.sex tourist. c.sex explorer. d.sex slave.
B
Which of the following countries has decriminalized sex work? a.Germany b.New Zealand c.United States d.The Netherlands
B
Which of the following is TRUE regarding the dissemination of pornography on the Internet? a.Laws are yet to be made governing Internet dissemination of pornography. b.The restrictions prohibiting the dissemination of pornography through the mail are made irrelevant by the Internet. c.Purchasing pornography via the Internet is punishable by fines and or jail sentences. d.None of the above
B
Which of the following launched the modern pornography industry? a.The publication of the notorious English novel Fanny Hill b.The success of Deep Throat c.The development of photography d.The development of the railroad and automobile
B
____ was the first adult film that drew mainstream audiences, including women, to X-rated movie houses. a.Debbie Does Dallas b.Deep Throat c.Deep Dallas d.Fanny Hill
B
A CIA'State Department report estimated that within the United States alone, ____ women and children from more than 40 different countries of origin are essentially slaves in the sex industry. a.7,000 b.75,000 c.50,000 d.250,000
C
A call boy a.works from the streets. b.is usually a teenager. c.is often a social companion. d.solely does telephone sex.
C
A case could be made that the wife who is especially sexually pleasing before asking for extra money from her husband, or the woman who wants out of her marriage but stays in order to maintain her standard of living, plays out the dynamics of a.pornography. b.sexting. c.prostitution. d.sex tourism.
C
A hustler a.works primarily out of gambling casinos. b.charges the most of all sex workers for their services. c.contacts customers in person, e.g., streets or bars. d.often comes from a middle-class background.
C
According to Ropelato and Young, ____ % of all search engine requests are for sexual imagery. a.75 b.60 c.25 d.10
C
According to Sherman, what is the minimum punishment for offering to provide child pornography? a.A mandatory minimum of 15 years prison sentence b.A mandatory minimum of 1 year prison sentence per image or work c.A mandatory minimum of 5 years prison sentence d.A mandatory minimum of 7 years prison sentence and registration as a sex offender
C
According to your text, one of the largest misconceptions regarding sex workers is that a.almost all of them suffer from mental illness. b.almost all of them were victims of sexual abuse. c.almost all of them turned to prostitution to support drug or alcohol addiction. d.almost all of them turned to drugs or alcohol to cope with the nature of the work.
C
According to your text, what is the main difference between pornography and erotica? a.Pornography is generally more explicit than erotica. b.Pornography shows explicit images of genitals whereas erotica does not. c.Erotica typically depicts partners as being equals. d.Erotica is generally much more explicit than pornography.
C
According to your text, which is one of the main criticisms of the Meese Commission? a.The recommendations were based on the findings of hard sciences. b.The recommendations were in opposition to the prevailing psychological theories. c.The recommendations did not have enough scientific evidence to support the conclusions. d.The recommendations did not take all of the evidence into consideration.
C
After viewing pornography, heterosexual a.women but not men are more likely to be critical of the woman's body in general. b.men but not women are more likely to be critical of the woman's body in general. c.men and women are more likely to be critical of the woman's body in general. d.men and women are more likely to be critical of the man's body in general.
C
Availability of pornography was assisted by all EXCEPT which one of the following? a.Gutenberg and movable metal type b.Photography c.The postal service d.Internet
C
Contacts of ____ are usually made by personal referral, through 'escort services,' or by independent ads on Internet sites, including Facebook. a.streetwalkers b.hustlers c.call girls d.massage parlor sex workers
C
Erotica can be distinguished from pornography because unlike pornography, erotica a.depicts genitalia. b.appeals only to women. c.portrays sexuality respectfully. d.is soft-core.
C
Federal law prohibits the a.sale of gay and lesbian pornography. b.sale of pornography over the Internet. c.sale of images of adult women pretending to be teenagers. d.sale of pornographic materials costing more than $25 per copy.
C
Films such as Nina Hartley's Guide to Better Cunnilingus and The Sluts and Goddesses Video Workshop, which promote the development and expression of women's desire and arousal, are examples of a.degrading pornography. b.hard-core pornography. c.erotica. d.soft-core pornography.
C
Given the graphic nature of sexual images into U.S. culture, what is the MOST accurate statement? a.The chances of stricter laws preventing the dissemination of pornographic materials is increasing. b.The rate of sex offenses will increase as pornographic images become more prevalent. c.Many universities are modifying their curricula to include classes on issues relating to pornography. d.The rate of sex offenses will decrease as pornographic materials become scarcer.
C
In a five-year follow-up study of the impact on the public health and welfare of sex workers since the decriminalization of prostitution, it was found that a.sex workers reported worse conditions in their work environment and safety. b.the incidence of sexually transmitted infections increased. c.sex workers had a high level of condom use and safe sex practices. d.the social stigma of sex work was removed.
C
In lesbian porn films, a.plot takes precedence over role-playing, talking, costuming, and sex toys. b.most stars have stereotypical underweight bodies with implant-enhanced large breasts. c.role-playing, talking, costuming, and sex toys take precedence over plot. d.safer-sex practices are often excluded.
C
In which of the following periods in history was prostitution viewed as scandalous but necessary? a.Ancient Sumeria b.Medieval Europe c.Victorian Great Britain d.The state of Nevada in the early 20th century
C
Legal issues surrounding pornography have focused on defining what is a.degrading. b.depraved. c.obscene. d.violent.
C
Much of straight porn is based on a formula that includes all of the following EXCEPT a.close-up views of various positions of intercourse. b.two women having sex. c.close-up views of well-groomed, muscular, good-looking men. d.group sex.
C
Prostitution is legal in some counties in a.New York. b.California. c.Nevada. d.Vermont.
C
The ____ usually earns more money than other female prostitutes. a.streetwalker b.woman who works in a massage parlor c.call girl d.woman who works in a brothel
C
The full-time sex worker who has identified herself or himself as part of the prostitute subculture typically a.a long history of alcohol abuse. b.a long history of mental illness. c.has little education and few marketable skills. d.has little education but plenty of marketable skills.
C
The standard porn sexual style is a.didactic. b.sensual. c.impersonal. d.friendly.
C
What can be said about the sex workers interviewed by Valera? a.Many streetwalkers work in a collective democratic group. b.Many sex workers have formed a so-called 'black market union.' c.Hustlers and streetwalkers are most likely to be victims of robbery and assault. d.Many hustlers and streetwalkers tend to work for pimps.
C
Which country spends the most per person on pornography? a.Japan b.United States c.South Korea d.Finland
C
Which of the following is comparable to mainstream straight pornography in terms of size and economics? a.Lesbian pornography b.Child pornography c.Gay pornography d.None of the above
C
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the history of prostitution? a.Prostitutes were valued for the intellectual companionship in ancient Greece. b.Sexual relations between men and prostitutes occurred as part of revered religious rituals. c.Prostitution was banned in medieval Europe. d.In Renaissance Italy, courtesans provided social, intellectual, and sexual companionship to the most powerful men of the time.
C
Which of the following would MOST likely explain why women become prostitutes? a.High sexual drive b.Emotional difficulties c.Financial incentives d.Strong desire to please men
C
Which one is NOT true with respect to brothels? a.Brothels were common in the early history of the United States. b.A 'madam' usually acts as the hostess and business manager of the brothel. c.Brothels are presently illegal in all parts of the United States. d.A brothel refers to a house in which a group of prostitutes work.
C
Which type of prostitute faces the WORST work conditions? a.A brothel worker b.A massage parlor worker c.A streetwalker d.A call girl
C
With regards to sex tourism, Hari found that a.men typically pay more than women. b.women tend to pay in gifts, and men tend to pay in the local currency. c.women tend to believe they are helping the local economy. d.sex tourists tend to be extremely promiscuous.
C
With the advent of photography, sexual photographs proliferated so extensively that Congress passed the first U.S. law prohibiting the a.selling of pornographic materials. b.reproduction of prints. c.mailing of obscenity. d.printing of obscenity.
C
Prostitution has been legalized but continues to be regulated under criminal laws in a.parts of Australia. b.New South Wales. c.New Zealand. d.the Netherlands.
D
The 'money shot,' a close-up of the man ejaculating outside of the woman's vagina or mouth, is a marker of a.erotica. b.lesbian porn. c.gay porn. d.straight porn.
D
The mainstreaming of aspects of pornography and sex work into U.S. culture is so prevalent that author Ariel Levy has described today's culture as a.'porn industry.' b.'pornographic culture.' c.'stripper culture.' d.'raunch culture.'
D
The majority of child porn consumers who are apprehended are Caucasian males a.under 34 years of age who are economically unstable. b.of all ages who are economically stable. c.of all ages who are highly educated. d.of all ages and educational and occupational backgrounds.
D
Various categories of pornography are useful to conceptualize different types of sexually explicit material. Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding these various types? a.One person's pornography is another person's erotica. b.One person's erotica can cause someone else to lose their lunch. c.What may be harmless in one context may be potentially damaging in another. d.Child pornography is protected by the First Amendment.
D
What can be said about many of the teenagers involved in sex work? a.Most are not victims of sexual abuse. b.Many do not need prostitution as a means of survival. c.Most enter the sex industry at the median age of 16 d.Most have been rejected by their families.
D
What can be said regarding the effect of the Internet on sex workers? a.Arrests of Internet sex workers are uncommon. b.The sex worker and customer sometimes negotiate through e-mail, which eliminates the need for part of the prostitute's fees to go to website companies, pimps, or brothels. c.Male and female sex workers are increasingly operating independently through individual websites. d.All of the above
D
What is MOST accurate regarding lesbian porn films? a.Far fewer lesbian porns are made. b.Lesbian porns tend to be low budget. c.Most lesbian porn films feature real-life lovers d.All of the above
D
According to Gowen, what can be said about sexual interests and experiences after seeking out pornographic material? a.Approximately half of the subjects surveyed reported increased communication about sex with partners. b.Approximately one third of the subjects surveyed reported decreased communication with partners, but improved sexual experiences. c.Approximately half of the subjects surveyed reported having a fight with a partner or spouse after viewing pornographic materials. d.Approximately two-thirds of subjects surveyed reported increased promiscuity, including those in committed relationships.
A
According to Quackenbush, which statement is accurate regarding pornography and college students? a.Both male and female subjects found highly romantic and highly explicit material the most arousing. b.Females subjects found highly romantic material more arousing than highly explicit material. c.Male subjects found highly explicit material more arousing than highly romantic material. d.Compared to female subjects, male subjects found highly romantic material more arousing.
A
According to the FBI, what city ranks as number one for Internet searches of adult-related content? a.Salt Lake City b.Chicago c.San Francisco d.Atlanta
A
Adult content on ____ became a multinational billion-dollar business in less than one year following its inception. a.mobile devices b.television c.streaming software d.film
A
Among sex workers, Burnette found that a.approximately 60% want to leave the profession, but do not have the resources to do so. b.approximately 90% want to leave the profession, but do not have the resources to do so. c.nearly 100% want to leave the profession, but do not have the resources to do so. d.sex workers who have marketable skills leave the profession and enter another workplace fairly easily.
A
Evidence shows that as far back as the ancient Sumerian and Greek civilizations, a. men sold sexual services to other men. b. women sold sexual services to men. c. women sold sexual services to other women. d. men sold sexual services to women.
A
In the United States, 90% of young people have seen Internet porn by age a.16 b.15 c.14 d.13
A
One study found that 89% of sex workers wanted to leave 'the profession' but would first need which of the following the MOST? a.Job training b.Home or safe place c.Healthcare d.Individual counseling
A
Talbott found that there is a strong correlation between a.the prevalence of HIV infections in a country and the number of infected sex workers. b.the prevalence of underage sex workers and the prevalence of HIV infections. c.the prevalence of safe sex programs and a decreased rate of HIV infections. d.the prevalence of PTSD in a country and the number sex workers.
A
The United States made human trafficking a federal crime in the year a.2000 b.1985 c.1990 d.1985
A
The ____ Amendment of the United States Constitution refers to freedom of speech. a.First b.Second c.Third d.Fifth
A
The ancient Indian love manual ____ dates from about ____. a.Kama Sutra; 400 CE b.The Perfumed Garden; 600 CE c.Kama Sutra; 800 CE d.The Perfumed Garden; 1000 CE
A
The role of the gigolo is MOST similar to that of the a.call girl. b.streetwalker. c.brothel prostitute. d.pimp.
A
The transition of the pornography business from an underground enterprise to a multibillion-dollar industry began in 1953, with the a.publication of the first issue of Playboy magazine. b.success of Deep Throat. c.development of the railroad and automobile. d.development of photography.
A
The word erotica is rooted in eros, or a.'passionate love.' b.'chaste love.' c.'friendship.' d.'sexual relations.'
A
Viewing pornography on the Internet can also negatively influence how people feel about their a.genitals. b.partners. c.lifestyle. d.culture.
A
What type of female prostitute is easily subject to arrest and is often from a lower socioeconomic background? a.Streetwalker b.Brothel sex worker c.Call girl d.Massage parlor sex worker
A
When studying the frequency of prostitution patronage, Carael found that a.approximately 10% of men in the study exchanged money for sex within the last year. b.approximately 10% of men and 5% of women in the study had exchanged money for sex within the last year. c.approximately 10% of men in the study exchanged money for sex within the last month. d.approximately 10% of men and 5% of women in the study had exchanged money for sex within the last month.
A
Which country spends the least per person on pornography? a.Canada b.Taiwan c.Czech Republic d.Australia
A
Which of the following societies extensively used sexual themes to decorate housewares and public architecture? a.Ancient Greece and Rome b.Ancient Egypt c.Ancient China d.Victorian Great Britain
A
With regards to the Meese Commission's recommendations, which of the following is the MOST accurate? a.Only those recommendations applying to child pornography were implemented. b.All of the recommendations applying to the decriminalization of pornography were implemented. c.Only the recommendations applying to the decriminalization of prostitution were implemented. d.All of the recommendations of the Meese Commission were implemented for political reasons.
A
__________ is a $20 billion-per-year industry that continues to expand throughout the world. a.Internet child pornography b.Lesbian pornography c.Multicultural pornography d.Group sex pornography
A
'Bear porn' features a.skinny men without body hair. b.large men with extensive body hair. c.large women with extensive body hair. d.skinny men with extensive body hair.
B
A nationwide study of two years' worth of credit-card receipts from a major online provider of pornography found that states whose residents consume the most pornography tend to have a.less educated populations than states whose residents exhibit lower levels of consumption. b.more conservative and religious populations than states whose residents exhibit lower levels of consumption.. c.more educated populations than states whose residents exhibit lower levels of consumption. d.less conservative and religious populations than states whose residents exhibit lower levels of consumption.
B
Generally speaking, what is MOST true of sex trafficking? a.Sex trafficking provides enormous financial benefits for the trafficked sex workers. b.Sex traffickers entice women and children from underdeveloped and unstable nations. c.Trafficked sex workers often have their needs better met after being trafficked. d.Traffickers rely almost exclusively on impoverished clientele.
B
How would you compare legalization or decriminalization of prostitution? a.There is essentially no difference. b.Legalization would allow regulation and generation of tax revenues. c.Decriminalization would allow regulation and generation of tax revenues. d.One concern is that this would remove protection for teenage prostitutes.
B
In Renaissance Italy, courtesans were well-educated, charming, and witty women who were a.entrepreneurs and lawyers. b.performers, artists, and writers. c.scientists and investors. d.politicians and inventors.
B
According to the Supreme Court, which of the following is NOT currently a criterion for evaluating obscenity? a.The theme of the work as a whole must appeal to prurient interest in sex. b.The work must be offensive to community standards. c.The work must be without serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value. d.The work must cause corrupt or depraved behavior in at least some of the viewers.
D
According to your text, which of the following materials is MOST likely considered pornography? a.A horror movie with occasional frontal nudity b.A romantic comedy with frequent nudity c.Any movie rated NC-17 d.A personal diary containing explicit details of various sexual encounters
D
Approximately ____% of teenage prostitutes have been victims of sexual abuse. a.25 b.45 c.75 d.95
D
Compared to other sex workers, call girls and call boys a.typically provide social and intellectual companionship. b.commonly have several regular customers. c.generally earn more than other sex workers. d.All of the above
D
Farley found that the typical sex worker turned to prostitution because a.he/she wanted to feel in control of his/her life. b.he/she suffered from some form of mental illness. c.of the potential for intimacy and adventure. d.of a dire need for resources to survive.
D
High-end escorts might have four to six regular clients, each of whom pays the escort a minimum of a.$60,000 a month. b.$60,000 a year. c.$20,000 a month. d.$20,000 a year.
D
Imperia, a statue in the harbor of Konstanz, Germany, represents a 15th-century Italian courtesan who holds a a.well-dressed nun and queen in each of her hands. b.well-dressed pope and king in each of her hands. c.naked nun and queen in each of her hands. d.naked pope and king in each of her hands.
D
In addition to Supreme Court rulings regarding sexually explicit materials, since the late 1960s, ____ have been appointed to study pornography. a.five multistate task forces b.four presidential commissions c.three multistate task forces d.two presidential commissions
D
Men who provide sexual services for women in exchange for money and gifts are called a.hustlers. b.call boys. c.studs. d.gigolos.
D
More adolescents believe their genitals should look like a porn star's genitals when they use pornography a.less than once a month. b.monthly. c.weekly. d.daily.
D
One of the rationalizations given to Knight for engaging in sex tourism was a.to experience a sexual diversity not available at home. b.to engage in sexual experimentation without negative repercussions. c.to engage in sexual acts with no requirement for intimacy and attachment. d.to find partners who make them feel attractive.
D
Pornography is separated into several categories. Which of the following is NOT one of those categories? a.Soft-core b.Hard-core c.Violent d.Desegregating
D