Chapter 18.1 + 18.3 Review
taxon
A group or level of organization in taxonomy is called a taxonomic category, or ______.
domain
A more inclusive category than any other, including the kingdom, is the _____.
Each species receives a two-part scientific name written in italics. The first word is capitalized, the second is not.
According to the system of binomial nomenclature, how should the scientific name of a species be written?
As biologists study diversity, they name organisms and group them in a logical manner.
As biologists classify the diversity of life, what two main tasks do they carry out?
The largest group, all pets, could be grouped into indoor and outdoor pets groups into those that roam free and those in containers or cages, and with the smallest group made up of goldfish.
Describe a classification system that you would use to group various pets. Start with the group with the most individuals, and end with the group with the fewest individuals.
Archaebacteria methanogens, halophiles
Domain: Archaea Kingdom: ________ Examples: _______
Bacteria
Domain: ______ Kingdom: Eubacteria Examples: Streptococcus, Escherichia coli
Mountain lions, pumas, cougars, and panthers are four common names of an animal with one scientific name, Felis concolor.
Give an example of an animal that has one scientific name but two or more common names. Name the common names.
Early scientific names were often very long and hard to standardize, Names produced by binomial nomenclature are only two words long and hold more closely to a common standard.
How did binomial nomenclature avoid the problems of the first attempts at scientific naming?
Eukarya amoeba, paramecium, slime molds, giant kelp Fungi mosses, ferns, flowering plants Animalia
Kingdom: Protist Examples: ______ Kingdom: ______ Examples: Mushrooms, yeasts Kingdom: Plantae Examples: ______ Kingdom: _____ Examples: Sponges, worms, insects, fihses, mammales
In order from smallest to largest, the categories are: species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, and kingdom.
List in order from smallest to largest the seven categories in Linnaeus's system of classification.
Eukarya Bacteria Archaea
List the three domains.
Eubacteria Archaebacteria
List the two groups into which the Monera have been separated.
Fungi
Mushrooms, yeast, and molds have been placed in their own kingdom, which is called ______.
The smallest taxon in Linnaeus's system that could contain all these animals is the phylum chordata.
Name the smallest taxon in Linnaeus's system of classification that contains fishes, lions, eagles, snakes, and frogs.
Scientific names are based on the Greek and Latin languages.
On what two languages are scientific names based?
Domain, Kingdom, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Order of taxonomic categories
Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, Eubacteria, Archaebacteria
The Six-Kingdom System
kingdom species
The largest taxonomic category in Linnaeus's system of classification is the _____, and the smallest is the ______.
taxonomy
The science of classifying organisms and assigning them universally accepted names is known as ______.
binomial nomenclature
The two-word naming system developed by Linnaeus is called _______.
Fungi
They have cell walls of chitin
Animalia
They have no cell walls or chloroplasts.
Plantae
They include mosses and ferns
Protista
They include slime molds and giant kelp.
eukaryotes; their cells do not contain a nucleus
What characteristic is shared by all members of the domain Eukarya?
Animals were mobile organisms that used food for energy. Plants were green photosynthetic organisms that used energy from the sun.
What fundamental traits did Linnaeus use to separate plants from animals?
The genus is Ursus
What is the genus of the grizzly bear, Ursus arctos?
you must know whether or not its cell walls contain peptidoglycan
What must you find out about a prokaryote to know which domain it belongs to?
He named the Animalia and Plantae kingdoms.
What two kingdoms did Linnaeus name?
They have used molecular analyses.
What type of analyses have scientists used to group modern organisms into domains?
In the name Homo erectus, the word Homo identifies the genus.
Which part of the name Homo erectus identifies the genus?
Bacteria lack the nuclei, mitochondria, and chloroplasts found in other forms of life.
Why did scientists place bacteria in their own kingdom, the Monera?
They use it to name organisms and group them in a logical manner.
Why do biologists use a classification system to study the diversity of life?
Common names vary among languages and even among regions within a single country. Furthermore, different species can share a single common name.
Why is it confusing to refer to organisms by common names?
Microorganisms were later placed in this kingdom
Why type of organisms were later placed in the kingdom Protista?
unicellular prokaryotic cell walls without peptidoglycan archaebacteria
domain Arachaea # of cells cell type cell structure kingdom
unicellular and multicellular eukaryotic varied types of cell walls and cells without walls Protista, Plantae, Fungi, animalia
domain Eukarya # of cells cell type cell structure kingdoms
unicellular prokaryotic cell walls with peptidoglycan eubacteria
domain bacteria # of cells cell type cell structure kingdom
Eubacteria
prokaryotes whose cell walls contain peptidoglycan
Archaebacteria
prokaryotes whose cell walls lack peptidoglycan
false
t or f? All members of the domain Bacteria are parasites.
false
t or f? In a good system of classification, organisms placed into a particular group are less similar to each other than they are to organisms in other groups.
true
t or f? Many members of the domain Archaea can survive only in the absence of oxygen.
false
t or f? The scientific view of life was more complex in Linnaeus's time.
They are unicellular.
true about all members of the domain Archaea.
They are prokaryotes. They have rigid cell walls. The cell walls contain peptidoglycans.
true about all members of the domain Bacteria.
They have a nucleus.
true about all the members of the domain Eukarya
Each species is assigned a two-part scientific name. The scientific name is always written in italics.
true about binomial nomenclature
Names often described detailed physical characteristics of a species. Names could be very long. It was difficult to standardize the names.
true about early efforts at naming organisms
Protista
unicellular, colonial, or multicellular eukaryotes that show a variety of characteristics.
Fungi
heterotrophs whose cell walls contain chitin
Plantae
multicellular autotrophs whose cell walls contain cellulose
Animalia
multicellular eukaryotes without cell walls or chloroplasts