Chapter 19: Blood Vessels

Which of the following abdominal arteries branches to form the common hepatic artery, left gastric artery, and splenic artery? a.) celiac trunk b.) descending aorta c.) inferior mesenteric artery d.) gonadal arteries e.) superior mesenteric artery

a.) celiac trunk The celiac trunk is a large, unpaired artery that branches into the hepatic, left gastric, and splenic arteries to supply much of the upper abdomen.

The minute-to-minute blood flow through the capillary beds is determined by the __________. a.) diameter of arterioles b.) number of elastic fibers in conducting arteries c.) constriction of elastic arteries d.) elastic lamina on both sides of tunica media in muscular arteries

a.) diameter of arterioles

__________ inhibits fibrinolysis by competing with plasminogen and may contribute to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. a.) lipoprotein (a) b.) cytomegalovirus c.) cholesterol d.) foamy macrophages

a.) lipoprotein (a) Lipoprotein (a) competes with plasminogen but cannot dissolve clots, and it participates in the formation of atherosclerotic plaques.

An elastic lamina on both sides of the tunica media is a characteristic of __________. a.) muscular arteries b.) elastic arteries c.) conducting arteries d.) all arteries

a.) muscular arteries

Which of the following conditions would NOT increase the chances of developing varicose veins? a.) running in place b.) potbelly in obese person c.) standing to attention for long periods of time d.) pregnancy

a.) running in place

Which of the following is the correct sequence of layers in the vessel wall from superficial to deep? a.) tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intima b.) tunica intima, tunica externa, tunica media c.) tunica media, tunica intima, tunica externa d.) tunica intima, tunica externa, tunica media e.) It varies from vessel to vessel.

a.) tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intima

Which of the layers of an artery wall is regulated by the sympathetic nervous system and many hormones? a.) tunica media b.) tunica intima c.) tunica externa d.) subendothelial layer

a.) tunica media

Changes in peripheral resistance are primarily driven by __________. a.) tunica intima thickness b.) blood vessel diameter c.) blood vessel length d.) blood viscosity

b.) blood vessel diameter Blood viscosity and vessel length are relatively constant in the short term; therefore, blood vessel diameter is the main driving force in changing peripheral resistance.

Most neural controls of blood pressure involve input from baroreceptors, which are sensitive to __________. a.) level of carbon dioxide in the blood b.) changes in blood pressure c.) constriction of capillary beds d.) level of oxygen in the blood

b.) changes in blood pressure Baroreceptors are sensitive to changes in blood pressure.

Any condition in which blood vessels are inadequately filled and blood CANNOT circulate normally is called __________. a.) atherosclerosis b.) circulatory shock c.) hypertension d.) varicose veins e.) arteriosclerosis

b.) circulatory shock Circulatory shock results in inadequate blood flow to meet tissue needs when blood vessels are inadequately filled and blood cannot circulate normally.

Which of the following veins is the longest in the body? a.) femoral vein b.) great saphenous vein c.) inferior vena cava d.) hepatic portal vein e.) superior vena cava

b.) great saphenous vein The great saphenous vein is the longest in the body, running from the sole of the foot up to the inguinal region (without changing names).

A metarteriole is a vessel that __________. a.) is intermediate between a capillary and a venule b.) is intermediate between the arteriole and the capillary bed c.) returns interstitial fluid to the circulation d.) drains the capillary bed

b.) is intermediate between the arteriole and the capillary bed

The major long-term mechanism of blood pressure control is provided by the __________. a.) paravetrebrcl ganglia b.) kidneys c.) heart d.) digestive tract e.) lungs

b.) kidneys The kidneys act both directly and indirectly to regulate arterial pressure and provide the major long-term mechanism of blood pressure control by altering blood volume.

The presence of __________ stabilizes the wall of capillaries. a.) gap junctions b.) pericytes c.) valves d.) elastic fibers

b.) pericytes

Reduction in the lumen diameter of a blood vessel as the smooth muscle contracts is known as __________. a.) atherosclerosis b.) vasoconstriction c.) vasodilation d.) arteriosclerosis e.) varicose veins

b.) vasoconstriction Depending on the body's needs, either vasoconstriction (reduction in lumen diameter as the smooth muscle contracts) or vasodilation (increase in diameter) occurs.

Blood services the myocardium of the heart by coronary vessels that originate from the __________. a.) pulmonary artery b.) inside of ventricles c.) aorta d.) pulmonary veins e.) superior vena cava

c.) aorta

Exchange of gases and nutrients occurs by diffusion between the __________. a.) arterioles and tissue cells b.) artery walls and tissue cells c.) capillaries and tissue cells d.) arterioles and venules e.) arteries and veins

c.) capillaries and tissue cells Oxygen, carbon dioxide, most nutrients, and metabolic wastes pass between the blood and interstitial fluid by diffusion through the capillaries.

During systemic circulation, blood leaves the __________. a.) lungs and flows directly to the left atrium b.) right atrium and flows directly to the lungs c.) left ventricle and flows directly to the aorta d.) right ventricle and flows directly to the lungs e.) right ventricle and goes directly to the aorta

c.) left ventricle and flows directly to the aorta The movement of oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle to the aorta is part of the systemic circuit.

Which of the following types of blood vessels have the proportionally thickest tunica media of all vessels? a.) elastic arteries b.) vasa vasorum c.) muscular arteries d.) arterioles

c.) muscular arteries

Which of the following regulates blood flow at the entrance to each true capillary? a.) lymph nodes b.) tunica externa c.) precapillary sphincter d.) tunica intima e.) valves

c.) precapillary sphincter The cuff of smooth muscle fibers surrounding the root of each true capillary at the metarteriole that acts as a valve to regulate blood flow into the capillary is a precapillary sphincter.

The inferior vena cava brings blood from the lower regions of the body and empties into the __________. a.) left ventricle b.) aorta c.) right atrium d.) left atrium e.) right ventricle

c.) right atrium The right atrium receives blood both from the superior and inferior venae cavae.

The flow of blood from the left ventricle to the right atrium is called the __________. a.) hepatoportal circulation b.) microcirculation c.) systemic circulation d.) pulmonary circulation

c.) systemic circulation

Which of the following is the major force generating blood flow? a.) blood vessel diameter b.) total blood vessel length c.) pumping action of the heart d.) blood viscosity e.) peripheral resistance

c..) pumping action of the heart

Which of the following blood vessels is the most susceptible to atherosclerosis? a.) femoral artery b.) cerebral arteries c.) pulmonary arteries d.) aorta

d.) aorta

The only vessels that provide direct access to nearly every cell in the body are the __________. a.) arteries b.) venules c.) veins d.) capillaries e.) arterioles

d.) capillaries If blood vessels are compared to a system of expressways and roads, the capillaries are the back alleys and the driveways that provide direct access to nearly every cell in the body.

At the arteriolar end of a capillary, __________ pushes fluid into the capillary. a.) hydrostatic pressure in the capillary b.) osmotic pressure in the capillary c.) osmotic pressure in the interstitial fluid d.) hydrostatic pressure in the interstitial fluid

d.) hydrostatic pressure in the interstitial fluid Hydrostatic pressure pushes fluids across the wall of the vasculature.

The endothelium is composed of __________. a.) stratified squamous epithelium b.) simple columnar epithelium c.) tunica media smooth muscle cells d.) simple squamous epithelium e.) simple cuboidal epithelium

d.) simple squamous epithelium The endothelium is the thin sheet of simple squamous epithelium lining all vessels.

Up to 65% of the body's blood supply is found in __________. a.) arteries b.) capillaries c.) arterioles d.) veins

d.) veins

During pulmonary circulation, blood leaves the __________. a.) right atrium and flows directly to the left ventricle b.) left ventricle and flows directly to the lungs c.) right atrium and flows directly to the lungs d.) right ventricle and flows directly to the aorta e.) right ventricle and flows directly to the lungs

e.) right ventricle and flows directly to the lungs The movement of oxygen-poor blood from the right ventricle to the lungs is part of the pulmonary circuit.

Loss of vasomotor tone that results in a huge drop in peripheral resistance is known as __________. a.) hypertension b.) atherosclerosis c.) varicose veins d.) vasoconstriction e.) vascular shock

e.) vascular shock In vascular shock, blood volume is normal and constant but there is an abnormal expansion of the vascular beds, resulting in a huge drop in peripheral resistance, causing blood pressure to fall rapidly.