Chapter 19
the nasal ____________ is a hollow space just behind the nose
cavity
Body cells use oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and energy in a multistep process called
cellular respiration
the lament of the trachea is lined with pseudostratified epithelial cells that have ____________ on their apical surface. These structures move the abundant mucus upward toward the pharynx.
cilia
the function of the mucous and cilia within the nasal cavity is to _________ inhaled air
cleanse
the last three segments of the bronchiole tree in order are alveolar__________, alveolar __________, and the alveoli
ducts; sacs
air passes from the larynx, through the ___________, to the primary bronchi
trachea
three functions of the pleurae and the associated fluid
-assists in creating a pressure gradient for air flow -reduces friction during breathing -compartmentalizes organs of the thoracic cavity
three functions of the pharynx
-conduct food from oral cavity to esophagus - help in the production of sounds - conduct air from nasal cavity to the larynx
three functions of the nasal mucosa
-entraps small particles -moistens inhaled air -warms inhaled air
two functions of paranasal. sinuses
-give the voice resonance -lighten the right of the skull
two characteristics of the paranasal sinuses
-they are open to the nasal cavity -they are lined with mucous membrane
three functions of the nasal mucosa
-warms inhaled air -entraps small particles -moistens inhaled air
The human left lung has _________ lobes with ____________ fissure(s) between the lobes
2,1
three components of larynx
Epiglottic cartilage Cricoid cartilage Thyroid cartilage
oxygen diffuses from the ___________ to the ___________ during external respiration
alveolar air; blood
in the lungs, gas exchange between the air and the blood occurs at the ______________ of the lungs.
alveoli
why might it be problematic to cough while eating or drinking
coughing involuntarily moves the epiglottis; food or drink might then enter the larynx
four bones are paranasal sinuses located ?
ethmoid, sphenoid, maxilla, and frontal
the upper part of vocal folds of the larynx are called the ___________ vocal cords, or vestibular folds
false
what is the role of the hairs of the nose?
filter incoming air
sound is produced as air is forced through the __________, causing vibration of the _________ vocal cords
glottis; true
sound is produced as air is forced through the___________, causing vibration of the __________ vocal cords
glottis; true
WHICH TWO ARE THE MOST ABUNDANT CELL TYPES IN THE NASAL MUCOSA?
goblet cells and pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial cells
the exchange of gases (O2 and CO2) that occurs in the tissues between capillary blood and the tissue fluid is called ______________.
internal respiration
the interior portion of the pharynx which extends from the epiglottis to the esophagus is the __________.
laryngopharynx
name the segment of the respiratory tract between the pharynx and the trachea
larynx
what structures are components of the upper respiratory tract?
larynx, pharynx, nose, and paranasal sinuses
the trachea, primary bronchi, and the alveolar sacs all belong to the ___________.
lower respiratory tract
the pleural cavity is located between the serous membranes that surround the what organs?
lung
the pleural cavity is located between the serous membranes that surround what organs?
lung
during inhalation, air moving into the lobar bronchi comes from the _________ bronchi
main
during inhalation, air moving into the lobar bronchi comes from the ___________ bronchi
main
the right and left _____________ bronchi arise from the trachea and supply the right and left lungs with air
main
four components of bronchial tree
main bronchi terminal bronchioles lobar bronchi segmental bronchi
the nasopharynx is a passageway posterior to the __________.
nasal cavity
Components of the upper respiratory tract
nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, and paranasal sinuses
the portion of the pharynx that extends from the soft palate to the upper border of the epiglottis is the ______________.
oropharynx
breathing brings ____________ into the lungs which is needed for cells to undergo cellular respiration and produce ATP for normal functioning.
oxygen
the process of cellular respiration uses ___________ to produce energy (ATP) and ___________.
oxygen; carbon dioxide
the __________ is a segment of the respiratory tract that functions as a passageway for both food and air. It also is involved in producing sounds of speech.
pharynx
the ________ cavity is the potential space between the visceral pleura and parietal pleura
pleural
what is the effect of bronchoconstriction on airflow into the lungs
reduced air flow
the _________ lung has three lobes and two fissures
right
the nasal _____________ which is composed of bone and cartilage, divides the nasal cavity into right and left parts
septum
the type of fluid called ___________ fluid is found in the pleural cavity
serous
what is found between the visceral and parietal pleural membranes?
serous fluid
identify the names of the lobes of the human left lung
superior and inferior lobes
four components to the bronchial tree
terminal bronchioles, main bronchi, segmenttal bronchi, and lobar bronchi
the vocal cords function to produce the sounds of speech
true
true or false: pleural (serous) fluid decreases friction between pleural membrane layers during breathing.
true
within the larynx, the lower set of vocal folds are called the ____________ vocal cords
true
the movement of air into and out of the lungs is called _______.
ventilation
the ______________ pleura is a serous membrane closely attached to the lung surface. The _____________ pleura lines the pleural cavity.
visceral; parietal
three structures that are associated with the larynx
vocal cords thyroid cartilage cricoid cartilage