Chapter 19

the nasal ____________ is a hollow space just behind the nose

cavity

Body cells use oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and energy in a multistep process called

cellular respiration

the lament of the trachea is lined with pseudostratified epithelial cells that have ____________ on their apical surface. These structures move the abundant mucus upward toward the pharynx.

cilia

the function of the mucous and cilia within the nasal cavity is to _________ inhaled air

cleanse

the last three segments of the bronchiole tree in order are alveolar__________, alveolar __________, and the alveoli

ducts; sacs

air passes from the larynx, through the ___________, to the primary bronchi

trachea

three functions of the pleurae and the associated fluid

-assists in creating a pressure gradient for air flow -reduces friction during breathing -compartmentalizes organs of the thoracic cavity

three functions of the pharynx

-conduct food from oral cavity to esophagus - help in the production of sounds - conduct air from nasal cavity to the larynx

three functions of the nasal mucosa

-entraps small particles -moistens inhaled air -warms inhaled air

two functions of paranasal. sinuses

-give the voice resonance -lighten the right of the skull

two characteristics of the paranasal sinuses

-they are open to the nasal cavity -they are lined with mucous membrane

three functions of the nasal mucosa

-warms inhaled air -entraps small particles -moistens inhaled air

The human left lung has _________ lobes with ____________ fissure(s) between the lobes

2,1

three components of larynx

Epiglottic cartilage Cricoid cartilage Thyroid cartilage

oxygen diffuses from the ___________ to the ___________ during external respiration

alveolar air; blood

in the lungs, gas exchange between the air and the blood occurs at the ______________ of the lungs.

alveoli

why might it be problematic to cough while eating or drinking

coughing involuntarily moves the epiglottis; food or drink might then enter the larynx

four bones are paranasal sinuses located ?

ethmoid, sphenoid, maxilla, and frontal

the upper part of vocal folds of the larynx are called the ___________ vocal cords, or vestibular folds

false

what is the role of the hairs of the nose?

filter incoming air

sound is produced as air is forced through the __________, causing vibration of the _________ vocal cords

glottis; true

sound is produced as air is forced through the___________, causing vibration of the __________ vocal cords

glottis; true

WHICH TWO ARE THE MOST ABUNDANT CELL TYPES IN THE NASAL MUCOSA?

goblet cells and pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial cells

the exchange of gases (O2 and CO2) that occurs in the tissues between capillary blood and the tissue fluid is called ______________.

internal respiration

the interior portion of the pharynx which extends from the epiglottis to the esophagus is the __________.

laryngopharynx

name the segment of the respiratory tract between the pharynx and the trachea

larynx

what structures are components of the upper respiratory tract?

larynx, pharynx, nose, and paranasal sinuses

the trachea, primary bronchi, and the alveolar sacs all belong to the ___________.

lower respiratory tract

the pleural cavity is located between the serous membranes that surround the what organs?

lung

the pleural cavity is located between the serous membranes that surround what organs?

lung

during inhalation, air moving into the lobar bronchi comes from the _________ bronchi

main

during inhalation, air moving into the lobar bronchi comes from the ___________ bronchi

main

the right and left _____________ bronchi arise from the trachea and supply the right and left lungs with air

main

four components of bronchial tree

main bronchi terminal bronchioles lobar bronchi segmental bronchi

the nasopharynx is a passageway posterior to the __________.

nasal cavity

Components of the upper respiratory tract

nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, and paranasal sinuses

the portion of the pharynx that extends from the soft palate to the upper border of the epiglottis is the ______________.

oropharynx

breathing brings ____________ into the lungs which is needed for cells to undergo cellular respiration and produce ATP for normal functioning.

oxygen

the process of cellular respiration uses ___________ to produce energy (ATP) and ___________.

oxygen; carbon dioxide

the __________ is a segment of the respiratory tract that functions as a passageway for both food and air. It also is involved in producing sounds of speech.

pharynx

the ________ cavity is the potential space between the visceral pleura and parietal pleura

pleural

what is the effect of bronchoconstriction on airflow into the lungs

reduced air flow

the _________ lung has three lobes and two fissures

right

the nasal _____________ which is composed of bone and cartilage, divides the nasal cavity into right and left parts

septum

the type of fluid called ___________ fluid is found in the pleural cavity

serous

what is found between the visceral and parietal pleural membranes?

serous fluid

identify the names of the lobes of the human left lung

superior and inferior lobes

four components to the bronchial tree

terminal bronchioles, main bronchi, segmenttal bronchi, and lobar bronchi

the vocal cords function to produce the sounds of speech

true

true or false: pleural (serous) fluid decreases friction between pleural membrane layers during breathing.

true

within the larynx, the lower set of vocal folds are called the ____________ vocal cords

true

the movement of air into and out of the lungs is called _______.

ventilation

the ______________ pleura is a serous membrane closely attached to the lung surface. The _____________ pleura lines the pleural cavity.

visceral; parietal

three structures that are associated with the larynx

vocal cords thyroid cartilage cricoid cartilage