Chapter 19 The blood vessels
What two values are needed to calculate mean arterial pressure (MAP)? A) diastolic pressure and systolic pressure B) stroke volume and cardiac output C) blood vessel length and blood vessel radius D) heart rate and peripheral resistance
A) diastolic pressure and systolic pressure
Cerebrospinal fluid drains into: A) dural sinuses. B) external jugular vein. C) facial vein. D) the azygos system.
A) dural sinuses.
Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver via the hepatic portal system? A) erythropoiesis B) destruction of red blood cells C) detoxification reactions D) storage of glucose
A) erythropoiesis
Which blood vessels handle the highest blood pressure? A) pulmonary veins B) systemic arteries C) systemic veins D) pulmonary arteries
B) systemic arteries
Determine the process that will occur when net filtration pressure is negative. A) diffusion B) osmosis C) filtration D) absorption
D) absorption
Peripheral resistance includes all of the following EXCEPT: A) blood viscosity. B) blood vessel length. C) vessel radius. D) blood type
D) blood type
Which pressure is created by the presence of large proteins in the blood, such as albumin? A) interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure B) hydrostatic pressure C) colloid osmotic pressure D) interstitial fluid osmotic pressure
C) colloid osmotic pressure
Archie took several deep breaths of air. By breathing deeply, what mechanism did he assist to return blood to his heart? A) respiratory pump B) mean arterial pressure (MAP) C) skeletal muscle pump D) Korotkoff sounds
A) respiratory pump
Which of the following is NOT an artery that branches off the aortic arch? A) right subclavian artery B) left subclavian artery C) brachiocephalic artery D) left common carotid artery
A) right subclavian artery
What type of capillaries have large pores within their endothelial cells and are the leakiest? A) sinusoidal capillaries B) continuous capillaries C) closed capillaries D) fenestrated capillaries
A) sinusoidal capillaries
Which nervous system promotes increased peripheral resistance and increased blood pressure through the vasoconstriction of systemic arterioles? A) sympathetic nervous system B) sensory nervous system C) parasympathetic nervous system D) somatic nervous system
A) sympathetic nervous system
Which blood vessels experience the sharpest decrease in blood pressure? A) systemic arterioles B) systemic venules C) systemic veins D) systemic capillary beds
A) systemic arterioles
Which vessels are the most compliant? A) systemic veins B) systemic arteries C) systemic arterioles D) systemic metarterioles
A) systemic veins
By which method can large substances cross the endothelial cells and exit a capillary? A) transcytosis B) facilitated diffusion C) osmosis D) diffusion
A) transcytosis
Place in order from superficial to deep the three tunics of a typical blood vessel. A) tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intima B) tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa C) tunica media, tunica intima, tunica externa D) tunica externa, tunica intima, tunica media
A) tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intima
Determine the mean arterial pressure (MAP) given a systolic pressure of 130 mm Hg and diastolic pressure of 70 mm Hg. A) 70 mm Hg B) 90 mm Hg C) 130 mm Hg D) 200 mm Hg
B) 90 mm Hg
What is the average value for mean arterial pressure (MAP)? A) 80 mm Hg B) 95 mm Hg C) 120 mm Hg D) 150 mm Hg
B) 95 mm Hg
Which of the following hormones decreases heart rate, and thus cardiac output and blood pressure? A) angiotensin-II B) acetylcholine C) epinephrine D) norepinephrine
B) acetylcholine
What is the largest artery in the body? A) left subclavian artery B) aorta C) left common carotid artery D) pulmonary trunk
B) aorta
What vessels typically carry blood away from the heart? A) venules B) arteries C) veins D) capillaries
B) arteries
Which of the following represents the systemic flow of most blood? A) arteriole, artery, capillary bed, venule, vein B) artery, arteriole, capillary bed, venule, vein C) arteriole, artery, capillary bed, vein, venule D) artery, arteriole, capillary bed, vein, venule
B) artery, arteriole, capillary bed, venule, vein
What hormone is released to decrease blood pressure? A) angiotensin-II B) atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) C) aldosterone D) antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
B) atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
Increases in blood pressure are detected by: A) thermoreceptors. B) baroreceptors. C) chemorecepors. D) nociceptors
B) baroreceptors.
The outward force that blood exerts on the walls of blood vessels is: A) cardiac output. B) blood pressure. C) blood flow. D) resistance.
B) blood pressure.
The union of the radial and ulnar veins forms the: A) basilic vein. B) brachial vein. C) axillary vein. D) median cubital vein.
B) brachial vein.
At the arteriolar end of the capillary, which pressure is the greatest? A) colloid osmotic pressure B) capillary hydrostatic pressure C) interstitial fluid osmotic pressure D) oncotic pressure
B) capillary hydrostatic pressure
Predict the scenario that will decrease peripheral resistance. A) increase in vessel obstructions B) increase in vessel radius C) increase in vessel length D) increase in blood viscosity
B) increase in vessel radius
The closure of a precapillary sphincter prevents blood flow to tissues from: A) elastic arteries. B) venules. C) arterioles. D) muscular arteries
C) arterioles.
A cerebrovascular accident (CVA, or stroke) can occur due to a blockage in the: A) axillary artery. B) facial artery. C) basilar artery. D) occipital artery.
C) basilar artery.
When arterial blood pressure is measured in the arm with a spygmomanometer, which vessel is used? A) ulnar artery B) subclavian artery C) brachial artery D) axillary artery
C) brachial artery
Which of the following vessels can be used for taking the pulse? A) renal artery B) internal iliac artery C) brachial artery D) celiac trunk
C) brachial artery
Which of the following vessels gives rise to the common hepatic artery, left gastric artery, and splenic artery? A) intestinal arteries B) superior epigastric artery C) celiac trunk D) superior mesenteric artery
C) celiac trunk
How do parasympathetic neurons in the medulla respond to increased blood pressure? A) Cardiac output is increased. B) Heart rate is increased. C) Vasoconstriction is promoted. D) Sympathetic activity is inhibited.
D) Sympathetic activity is inhibited.
Which of the following situations creates edema? A) an increase in the colloid osmotic pressure B) a decrease in the capillary hydrostatic pressure gradient C) a negative net filtration pressure (NFP) D) an increase in the capillary hydrostatic pressure gradient
D) an increase in the capillary hydrostatic pressure gradient
Which pressure remains the same along the length of the capillary? A) interstitial fluid osmotic pressure B) capillary hydrostatic pressure C) interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure D) colloid osmotic pressure
D) colloid osmotic pressure
Which of the following stimuli is detected by a chemoreceptor? A) stretch in the walls of arteries B) vasodilation of arterioles C) increased blood pressure D) decreased blood oxygen concentration
D) decreased blood oxygen concentration
What type of vessel is built to handle the highest pressure of any vessel in the cardiovascular system? A) muscular artery B) metarteriole C) arteriole D) elastic artery
D) elastic artery
Into what vein do the splenic, gastric, superior mesenteric, and inferior mesenteric veins drain? A) hepatic vein B) inferior vena cava C) inferior epigastric vein D) hepatic portal vein
D) hepatic portal vein
Which of the following veins does NOT drain directly into the inferior vena cava? A) hepatic vein B) renal vein C) common iliac vein D) hepatic portal vein
D) hepatic portal vein
The azygos system collects blood from the: A) abdominopelvic cavity. B) superior thoracic cavity. C) anterior thoracic and abdominal walls. D) posterior thoracic and abdominal walls.
D) posterior thoracic and abdominal walls.
Into which vein does blood in the external jugular vein drain? A) internal jugular vein B) vertebral vein C) inferior vena cava D) subclavian vein
D) subclavian vein
What is edema? A) net filtration pressure B) absorption C) dehydration D) swelling
D) swelling
Which vessels vasoconstrict in response to epinephrine and norepinephrine? A) venules B) coronary arterioles C) capillaries D) systemic arterioles
D) systemic arterioles
Which circuit has the greatest resistance? A) venous circuit B) pulmonary circuit C) hepatic circuit D) systemic circuit
D) systemic circuit
Which vessels serve as the blood reservoirs of the body? A) metarterioles B) arterioles C) muscular arteries D) veins
D) veins
Cross-sectional area increases as arteries branch into smaller vessels, causing the blood to flow more slowly
TRUE
Central chemoreceptors detect a decrease in pH in interstitial fluids in the brain. What is the response of the medulla to maintain delivery of oxygen to cells? A) A feedback loop is initiated that indirectly increases parasympathetic activity which results in vasoconstriction and a rise in blood pressure. B) A feedback loop is initiated that indirectly increases sympathetic activity which results in vasoconstriction and a rise in blood pressure. C) A feedback loop is initiated that indirectly decreases sympathetic activity which results in vasodilation and a decrease in blood pressure. D) A feedback loop is initiated that indirectly increases parasympathetic activity which results in vasodilation and a decrease in blood pressure
A feedback loop is initiated that indirectly increases sympathetic activity which results in vasoconstriction and a rise in blood pressure.
Determine the net filtration pressure (NFP) if capillary hydrostatic pressure is 40 mm Hg and the colloid osmotic pressure is 25 mm Hg. A) 15 mm Hg B) -15 mm Hg C) 45 mm Hg D) 25 mm Hg
A) 15 mm Hg
Which of the following is TRUE of veins? A) Veins have thinner walls than arteries. B) Veins have smaller lumens than arteries. C) Veins have more elastic fibers than arteries. D) Veins have more smooth muscle than arteries.
A) Veins have thinner walls than arteries.
What two factors determine the pressure gradient that drives circulation? A) cardiac output and peripheral resistance B) blood vessel radius and blood vessel length C) diastolic pressure and systolic pressure D) heart rate and stroke volume
A) cardiac output and peripheral resistance
Which of the following connects vessels through vascular anastomoses? A) collaterals B) capillary beds C) precapillary sphincters D) postcapillary venules
A) collaterals
Which capillary would be least likely to allow substances to enter or exit the blood due to tight junctions that join the endothelial cells? A) continuous capillaries B) closed capillaries C) sinusoidal capillaries D) fenestrated capillaries
A) continuous capillaries
Hypertension is defined as: A) high blood pressure. B) excess aldosterone. C) low blood pressure. D) high blood sugar.
A) high blood pressure
Blood pressure is equivalent to: A) hydrostatic pressure. B) net filtration pressure C) colloid osmotic pressure. D) oncotic pressure
A) hydrostatic pressure.
Which organ(s) regulate blood volume by altering the amount of fluid released in urine? A) spleen B) kidneys C) pancreas D) liver
B) kidneys
Damage to the external iliac artery will affect delivery of blood to the: A) abdominal organs. B) lower limb. C) upper limb. D) brain.
B) lower limb.
Which of the following arteries has the smallest diameter? A) muscular artery B) metarteriole C) arteriole D) elastic artery
B) metarteriole
Under what conditions will the myogenic mechanism slow blood flow into a capillary bed? A) rising hydrogen ion levels B) rising arteriolar pressure C) dropping arteriole pressure D) rising carbon dioxide levels
B) rising arteriolar pressure
Determine fluid movement when hydrostatic pressure exceeds colloid osmotic pressure at the arteriolar end of the capillary. A) water is pushed into the capillary by absorption B) water is pushed of the capillary by filtration C) there is no net movement of water D) water is pulled into the capillary by absorption
B) water is pushed of the capillary by filtration
Select the correct relationship between peripheral resistance and blood pressure. A) As peripheral resistance increases, blood pressure decreases. B) As peripheral resistance decreases, blood pressure increases. C) As peripheral resistance increases, blood pressure increases. D) Peripheral resistance has no effect on blood pressure.
C) As peripheral resistance increases, blood pressure increases
The anterior and posterior tibial veins merge to form the: A) external iliac vein. B) medial plantar vein. C) femoral vein. D) great saphenous vein.
C) femoral vein.
Water crosses capillary beds by: A) diffusion. B) transcytosis. C) filtration. D) facilitated diffusion.
C) filtration.
Which of the following is NOT a treatment for hypertension? A) stop smoking B) increase physical activity C) increase intake of sugar D) limit alcohol intake
C) increase intake of sugar
Which of the following vessels has the lowest blood pressure? A) elastic arteries B) aorta C) inferior vena cava D) capillary beds
C) inferior vena cava
Most veins below the diaphragm drain into the: A) superior mesenteric vein. B) superior vena cava. C) inferior vena cava. D) hepatic vein.
C) inferior vena cava.
The average pressure in the systemic arteries during an entire cardiac cycle is known as: A) pulmonary circuit. B) systolic pressure. C) mean arterial pressure (MAP). D) venous pressure.
C) mean arterial pressure (MAP).
What name does the femoral artery take as it emerges in the posterior thigh? A) posterior tibial artery B) anterior tibial artery C) popliteal artery D) dorsalis pedis artery
C) popliteal artery
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism used to return venous blood to the heart? A) respiratory pump B) venous valves C) skeletal muscle pump D) elastic fibers
C) skeletal muscle pump
Which artery supplies the small intestine with blood? A) hepatic artery B) inferior mesenteric artery C) superior mesenteric artery D) middle mesenteric artery
C) superior mesenteric artery
Which blood vessel tunic is innervated by nerves from the sympathetic nervous system? A) tunica adventitia B) tunica intima C) tunica media D) tunica externa
C) tunica media