Chapter 2) 2.3 Biological Molecules
Chitin
Forms the outer skeleton arthropodds
glycogen
Storage carbohydrates in animals
Oil
an unsaturated fat that is a liquid at room temperature
polysaccharide
long chain of monosaccharides
Denaturation
loss of normal shape of a protein due to heat or other factor
Disaccharide
two sugar monomers that are linked together by a peptide bond
Carbohydrate
Broken down to simple sugars
Enzyme
A catalyst in a biochemical reaction that is complex.
Fat
A large lipid molecule made from an alcohol called glycerol and three fatty acids.
Protein
A macromolecule composed of one or more chains of amino acids
nucleotide
A monomer of nucleic acids
Monosaccharide
A single unit of monomer of carbohydrates.
Starch
A storage carbohydrate in plants
Steriod
A type of lipid composed of four fused hydrocarbon ringhs
Macromolecules
A very large organic molecule made by smaller molecules
d. all of the above
An example of a monosaccharide is ________. A.fructose B. glucose C. galactose D. all of the above
D. polysaccharides
Cellulose and starch are examples of ________. A. monosaccharides B. disaccharides C. lipids D. polysaccharides
Hormone
Chemical messengers, mostly those manufactured by the endocrine glands, that are produced in one tissue and affect another.
A.the plasma membrane of cells
Phospholipids are important components of __________. A.the plasma membrane of cells B. the ring structure of steroids C. the waxy covering on leaves D. the double bond in hydrocarbon chains
Cellulose
Polysaccharide that makes up a cell wall
C. Amino acids
The monomers that make up proteins are called _________. A. nucleotides B. disaccharides C. amino acids D.chaperones
Lipids
a class of macromolecules that are nonpolar and insoluble in water
Triglyceride
a fat molecule; consists of three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule
Trans-fat
a form of unsaturated fat with the hydrogen atoms neighboring the double bond across from each other rather than on the same side of the double bond
Unsaturated Fatty Acid
a long-chain hydrocarbon that has one or more than one double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain
Saturated fatty Acid
a long-chain hydrocarbon with single covalent bonds in the carbon chain. number of hydrogen atoms increase
Amino Acid
a monomer of a protein
Amino Acids
a monomer of protein
ribonucleic acid (RNA)
a single-stranded polymer of nucleotides that is involved in protein synthesis
Nucleic Acid
carries the genetic information of a cell and carries instructions for the functioning of the cell
polypeptide
chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds
phospholipid
composed of two fatty acids and a phosphate group attached to the glycerol backbone