chapter 2

Which of the following causes Down syndrome?

21st chromosome

Which of the following is a function of oxytocin?

It stimulates labor in pregnant women.

Which of the following brain imaging techniques relies on subtle shifts in blood flow?

Magnetic resonance imaging

Which of the following is a likely consequence of low thyroxin secretion in adults?

They feel tired and sluggish and may put on weight

Which of the following diseases stems from food poisoning and prevents the release of acetylcholine?

botulism

Phoebe recently suffered a major fall in which she sustained brain injuries. Since then, she has had immense difficulty in communicating with others. She appears to understand what is said to her, but her responses are slow and laborious. Her sentences are always incomplete with important grammatical words missing. Which of the following conditions best reflects Phoebe's case?

broca's aphasia

Will was driving down a road one night. Suddenly, he noticed a man trying to cross the road just a little away from the car. Will felt an intense fear and immediately became alert and slammed the breaks down hard, missing the man by inches. Which hormone was responsible for this reaction?

epinephrine

Which of these is a function of the medulla of the brain?

it plays roles in sleeping, sneezing, and coughing.

Which of the following neurotransmitters is involved in emotional arousal and sleep?

serotonin

Which of the following is a bulb-shaped structure at the end of axons?

terminal buttons

Which of the following structures in the brain is known to be connected with vigilance?

the amygdala

According to the notion that the hemispheres of the brain are involved in very different kinds of intellectual and emotional functions and responses, left-brained people are primarily logical and intellectual.

true

Psychologists are thinking in terms of behavioral genetics when they ask about the inborn reasons why individuals may differ in their behavior and mental processes.

true

Which of the following represents an interaction of one's nature and nurture?

the phenotype

Sacs called synaptic vesicles in the axon terminals contain neurotransmitters.

true

Which of the following refers to a time when a neuron is insensitive to messages from other neurons and does not fire?

A refractory period

Which of the following pituitary hormones regulates the adrenal cortex?

The Adrenocorticotrophic hormone

In the context of behavioral genetics, identify the correct statement.

Heredity is apparently involved in psychological disorders ranging from anxiety and depression to personality disorders.

Which of the following is a function of norepinephrine?

It is involved in general arousal and learning and memory.

Which of the following is a function of the reticular formation?

It is vital in the functions of attention, sleep, and arousal.

In the context of the limbic system, which of the following statements is true?

People with hippocampal damage cannot permanently store new information.

Which of the following is a difference between the thalamus and the hypothalamus?

The thalamus serves as a relay station for sensory stimulation, whereas the hypothalamus controls the regulation of body temperature, concentration of fluids, storage of nutrients, and motivation and emotion.

What is the purpose of a split brain operation?

To confine seizures to one hemisphere of the cerebral cortex

Which of the following terms best describes the nucleotides found along just one of the rungs of a molecular ladder?

the genetic code

Dizygotic twins are important in the study of the relative influences of nature and nurture because differences between dizygotic twins are the result of nurture.

false

Instinctive behavior is absent when an individual is reared in isolation from others of its kind.

false

Norepinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is manufactured exclusively by the adrenal glands.

false

The pineal gland secretes a hormone called prolactin, which regulates maternal behavior in lower mammals such as rats and stimulates production of milk in women.

false

The somatic nervous system controls activities such as heartbeat, respiration, digestion, and dilation of the pupils.

false