Chapter 2- Bioethics and Moral Theories

According to virtue ethics, the central task in morality is knowing and applying principles. True False

False

Moral theories are not relevant to our moral life. True False

False

Natural law tradition resolves dilemmas through the principle of utility. True False

False

Rule-utilitarianism is the idea that the rightness of actions depends solely on the relative good produced by individual actions. True False

False

Kant's principle of respect for persons says that we should always treat persons As a means to an end Never merely as a means to an end According to the relevant consequences According to their preferences

Never merely as a means to an end

The data that a moral theory is supposed to explain are Contemporary cultural standards Our considered moral judgments Our emotional reactions Our moral upbringing

Our considered moral judgments

Any moral theory that is inconsistent with the facts of moral life is Problematic Acceptable Certainly false Salvageable

Problematic

Rawls's equal liberty principles says that each person is to have an equal right to the most extensive total system of equal basic liberties compatible with a similar system of liberty for all. True False

True

A moral theory explains__________ Why one event causes another Why an action is prudent Why an action is effective or ineffective or why a person is reasonable or unreasonable Why an action is right or wrong or why a person or a person's character is good or bad

Why an action is right or wrong or why a person or a person's character is good or bad

Feminist ethics is an approach to morality aimed at Establishing a core set of moral principles Advancing women's interests through a unique application of Rawls's theory Advancing women's interests and correcting injustices inflicted on women through social oppression and inequality Defining women's perspectives as superior to men's

Advancing women's interests and correcting injustices inflicted on women through social oppression and inequality

Underlying natural law theory is the belief that Nature should be altered to conform to the moral law The moral law cannot be discerned through human reason The moral law cannot be derived from nature All of nature, including humankind, is teleological

All of nature, including humankind, is teleological

The primary inspiration for contemporary versions of virtue ethics is John Rawls Socrates Aristotle Thomas Aquinas

Aristotle

Kant says that through reason and reflection we can derive our duties from The categorical imperative Hypothetical imperatives Experience A calculation of consequences

The categorical imperative

Act-utilitarianism is the view that . __________ The rightness of actions depends solely on the relative good produced by individual actions The rightness of actions depends on both the relative good produced by individual actions and the conformity to rules The rightness of actions depends solely on the character of the agent The rightness of actions depends on a good will

The rightness of actions depends solely on the relative good produced by individual actions

Consequentialist moral theories insist that the rightness of actions depends solely on Their consequences or results The agent's motives The agent's desires Their intrinsic nature

Their consequences or results

Casuistry is a method of reasoning that emphasizes cases and analogy rather than universal principles and theories. True False

True

Classic utilitarianism depends heavily on a strong sense of impartiality. True False

True

In the ethics of care, the heart of the moral life is feeling for and caring for those with whom you have a special, intimate connection. True False

True

Kant's categorical imperatives are absolutist. True False

True

Natural law theory is the view that right actions are those that conform to moral standards discerned in nature through human reason. True False

True