intro to management test 1
Taylor's Four Principles of Scientific Management
1. look at each job and task scientifically to determine the "one best way" to perform this job 2. hire the right workers train for max efficiency 3. monitor performance and guide when needed 4. divide work between labor and management
__________ refers to the technique of comparing performance to similar efforts. the comparison may be to other companies in the same industry, to other industries, or to other time periods.
Benchmarking
which is a limitation of scientific management
Knowledge-based work can't be observed and broken down for efficiencies like manual labor.
over a period of time a company can make many transitions. before each transition, management scanned the environment to choose
a goal and to plan
the systems approach to management is _______________
akin to the Circle of Life in Disney's movie the Lion King
principles from the ___________ were originally designed to prevent favoritism and incompetence
bureaucratic school of management
the five components of industry environment are
customers, competitors, suppliers, regulations, and advocacy groups
Bureaucracy has taken on negative connotations in popular culture. it is associated with excessive paperwork, apathy, and unresponsiveness, slowness in responding to problems, and inflexibility. But most organizations use most or all of the principles, because the principles promote _______
decisions for efficiency and effectiveness instead of favoritism and incompetence
what is the first step in the planning cycle
define objectives
What does vision mean?
describes what the organization will become in the future
companies strive to provide a product or service that is distinct or ____________ in some way from their competitors
differentiated
according to mintzberg there are four primary types of management decision roles. these include the following
entrepreneur, resource allocator, and negotiator
Controlling may be the most important management function. The control process is also described as
feedback looping
a ________ does not change or flex when sales or some other activity increases or decreases
fixed budget
the alternative to viewing management as a process is to
focus on people
strategic management's first function is deciding _______. the second function is to make sure __________________
how to compete; that the people in the organization support the strategy
An ________ is a method for a company to assess its market position relative to its competitors.
industry analysis
Michael porter's five forces analysis looks at the forces driving an _____________. an analyst might use it to compare the relative merits of two different industries.
industry's profitability
what is organizational structure?
internal formal framework of a business that shows the way management is organized and linked and how authority is passed
Managers encourage, support, and foster talented employees. The managers who focus in this area are
middle managers
Mayo predicted that a group with ________ behaviors and ________ bonds would have very little chance of succeeding at the task.
negative; fewsocial
______ is a detailed plan used to provide a clear picture of how a team, section or department will contribute to the achievement of the organization's strategic goals
operational plan
_______ helps managers determine where resources are most needed so they can be allocated where they will provide the most benefit
planning
management activities are often grouped into four categories
planning, organizing, leading, and controlling
management as a process means
planning, organizing, leading, and controlling resources and people to meet organizational goals
companies need consistency in their HR practices to avoid charges of discrimination. Senior management usually approves broad guidelines for HR activities, like firing and hiring, performance appraisals, promotions, and discipline. These are called
policies
planning is
process of continual adjustment
many companies forbid smoking at work. these are called ______
regulations
Resources are always ________ in organizations, and managers need to make sure the resources they have are used effectively.
scarce
the advantage of a __________ is that it can be very specific in how it addresses the needs of a particular situation
single use plan
___________ decides how best to attain a company's mission and vision through the coordinated efforts to achieve specific goals and objectives
strategic management
SWOT analysis
strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats
frank and lillian gilbreth most noted for
studying time and motion studies
Some managers set long-term goals and define strategies to achieve them. These are
top level managers
a military organization is very structured. Ranks very clear defining who can give and who must take orders. this is an example of
vertical management
the Gantt chart is a tool that provides a visual (graphic) representation of
what occurs over the course of a project