intro to management test 1

Taylor's Four Principles of Scientific Management

1. look at each job and task scientifically to determine the "one best way" to perform this job 2. hire the right workers train for max efficiency 3. monitor performance and guide when needed 4. divide work between labor and management

__________ refers to the technique of comparing performance to similar efforts. the comparison may be to other companies in the same industry, to other industries, or to other time periods.

Benchmarking

which is a limitation of scientific management

Knowledge-based work can't be observed and broken down for efficiencies like manual labor.

over a period of time a company can make many transitions. before each transition, management scanned the environment to choose

a goal and to plan

the systems approach to management is _______________

akin to the Circle of Life in Disney's movie the Lion King

principles from the ___________ were originally designed to prevent favoritism and incompetence

bureaucratic school of management

the five components of industry environment are

customers, competitors, suppliers, regulations, and advocacy groups

Bureaucracy has taken on negative connotations in popular culture. it is associated with excessive paperwork, apathy, and unresponsiveness, slowness in responding to problems, and inflexibility. But most organizations use most or all of the principles, because the principles promote _______

decisions for efficiency and effectiveness instead of favoritism and incompetence

what is the first step in the planning cycle

define objectives

What does vision mean?

describes what the organization will become in the future

companies strive to provide a product or service that is distinct or ____________ in some way from their competitors

differentiated

according to mintzberg there are four primary types of management decision roles. these include the following

entrepreneur, resource allocator, and negotiator

Controlling may be the most important management function. The control process is also described as

feedback looping

a ________ does not change or flex when sales or some other activity increases or decreases

fixed budget

the alternative to viewing management as a process is to

focus on people

strategic management's first function is deciding _______. the second function is to make sure __________________

how to compete; that the people in the organization support the strategy

An ________ is a method for a company to assess its market position relative to its competitors.

industry analysis

Michael porter's five forces analysis looks at the forces driving an _____________. an analyst might use it to compare the relative merits of two different industries.

industry's profitability

what is organizational structure?

internal formal framework of a business that shows the way management is organized and linked and how authority is passed

Managers encourage, support, and foster talented employees. The managers who focus in this area are

middle managers

Mayo predicted that a group with ________ behaviors and ________ bonds would have very little chance of succeeding at the task.

negative; fewsocial

______ is a detailed plan used to provide a clear picture of how a team, section or department will contribute to the achievement of the organization's strategic goals

operational plan

_______ helps managers determine where resources are most needed so they can be allocated where they will provide the most benefit

planning

management activities are often grouped into four categories

planning, organizing, leading, and controlling

management as a process means

planning, organizing, leading, and controlling resources and people to meet organizational goals

companies need consistency in their HR practices to avoid charges of discrimination. Senior management usually approves broad guidelines for HR activities, like firing and hiring, performance appraisals, promotions, and discipline. These are called

policies

planning is

process of continual adjustment

many companies forbid smoking at work. these are called ______

regulations

Resources are always ________ in organizations, and managers need to make sure the resources they have are used effectively.

scarce

the advantage of a __________ is that it can be very specific in how it addresses the needs of a particular situation

single use plan

___________ decides how best to attain a company's mission and vision through the coordinated efforts to achieve specific goals and objectives

strategic management

SWOT analysis

strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats

frank and lillian gilbreth most noted for

studying time and motion studies

Some managers set long-term goals and define strategies to achieve them. These are

top level managers

a military organization is very structured. Ranks very clear defining who can give and who must take orders. this is an example of

vertical management

the Gantt chart is a tool that provides a visual (graphic) representation of

what occurs over the course of a project