Chapter 2 Disease processes

The developmental process begins with ______________. A. structure B. conception C. embryonic D. perinatal

B. conception

The medical term for twins with a cranial union is known as ___________________. A. pagus B. craniopagus C pygopagus D. dicephalus

B. craniopagus

Acyanotic

absence of blue appearance of skin or mucosa membrane

Hypoxia

decreased oxygen levels in the tissues

hypertrophic

describing enlargement of an organ or structure

Electromyography (EMG)

electrodiagnostic assessment of the activity of skeletal muscles

syncope

fainting, light-headedness

meconium

first stool of a newborn, greenish black and of a tarry consistency

Stenosis means

narrowing of an opening

dystrophy

progressive degenerative disorder causing weakening of tissue

Ataxic

uncoordinated gait associated with pathology of the central nervous system

Which diagnosis is a birth defect in which there is a hole in the middle of the roof of the mouth? A. Cleft palate B. Cri-du-chat syndrome C. Robinow syndrome D. Meningocele

A. Cleft palate

The disease that involves impairment of intestinal motility, which causes obstruction of the distal colon, is called: A. Hirschsprung disease. B. pyloric stenosis. C. cryptorchidism. D. phimosis.

A. Hirschsprung disease.

Which conditions often result from premature birth? A. NEC, IRDS, and ROP B. Spina bifida, hydrocephalus, and anencephaly C. MD, CF, and Down syndrome D. All of the answer options

A. NEC, IRDS, and ROP

Which statement is true in regard to cerebral palsy (CP)? A. Result of damage to the CNS B. Condition that can be cured with treatment C. Condition that primarily affects intelligence D. All of the answer options

A. Result of damage to the CNS

Which statement is true about lead poisoning? A. The child suffering from acute lead intoxication presents a medical emergency. B. It is hard to detect since lead is normally present in the blood. C. It is a silent disease because there are no warning signs or chronic symptoms. D. There is no evidence of intellectual developmental disorder resulting from brain damage.

A. The child suffering from acute lead intoxication presents a medical emergency.

Mumps is a childhood disease that is best prevented by which measure? A. The measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine B. Gardasil vaccine C. Broad-spectrum antibiotics D. Cough medicines

A. The measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine

Congenital anomalies can be mental or physical and are present at ____________. A. birth B. craniopagus C. the first sign of distress D. the cephalic

A. birth

A large amount of CSF accumulates in the skull, causing increased intracranial pressure is the etiology for ____________. A. hydrocephalus B. Talipes Equinovarus C. cystic fibrosis D. spina bifida

A. hydrocephalus

Myelomeningocele is a protrusion of the _____________ and the meninges. A. spinal cord B. cephalus C. immobile joints D. musculoskeletal

A. spinal cord

An infant that intermittently draws up legs, clenches fists, and cries as if in pain are signs of which of the following? A. Dehydration B. Colic C. Obesity D. Regurgitation

B. Colic

The most common progressive form of MD is: A. occulta. B. Duchenne. C. Down. D. myotonic.

B. Duchenne.

___________________ is the period between conception and the birth of an infant? A. Etiology B. Gestation C. Prenatal D. ROP

B. Gestation

Which symptoms are associated with Wilms' tumor? A. Nasal regurgitation during feeding B. Hematuria, pain, and hypertension C. A shortening of the femur D. Projectile vomiting, loss of weight, and skin rash

B. Hematuria, pain, and hypertension

The collapse of a seemingly healthy young athlete during a strenuous sporting event or other period of stressful exercise is often caused by which condition? A. Patent ductus arteriosis (PDA) B. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy C. Respiratory distress syndrome D. Atrial septal defect (ASD)

B. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Which condition is also referred to as hyaline membrane disease? A. Bronchomalacia B. Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS) C. Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) D. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)

B. Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS)

Which statement is true of Duchenne MD? A. Usually the result of trauma B. Progressive and causes crippling and immobility C. Affects males and females equally D. Is not a genetic condition

B. Progressive and causes crippling and immobility

Cystic fibrosis (CF), a chronic dysfunction of the exocrine glands, primarily attacks which body system? A. Nervous B. Pulmonary C. Cardiovascular D. Immune

B. Pulmonary

Cardiac cyanotic defects include which conditions? A. VSD and PDA B. Tetralogy of Fallot and transposition of the great arteries C. Coarctation of the aorta D. ASD

B. Tetralogy of Fallot and transposition of the great arteries

The procedure that allows amniotic fluid to be tested and cells to be microscopically examined for abnormal substances or chromosomal abnormalities is? A. fetal monitoring. B. amniocentesis. C. acupuncture. D. ultrasound studies.

B. amniocentesis.

Serious side effects of uncontrolled diarrhea in the infant or child include: A. intestinal obstruction and rhonchi. B. dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. C. diaper rash and Reye's syndrome. D. All of the answer options

B. dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.

Klinefelter syndrome and Turner syndrome are examples of A. inherited chromosomal diseases. B. genetic, chromosomal diseases that are not inherited. C. chromosomal diseases that affect females only. D. inherited diseases of no significant consequence.

B. genetic, chromosomal diseases that are not inherited

The most common childhood malignancy is A. Wilms' tumor. B. leukemia. C. anemia. D. neuroblastoma.

B. leukemia.

Pregnant women should be isolated from individuals infected with _________ to prevent perinatal infection. A. rubeola B. rubella C. chickenpox D. diphtheria

B. rubella

Bronchiolitis, inflammation of the bronchioles, the smallest air passages of the lungs, is usually caused by A. bacteria. B. viruses. C. fungi. D. protozoa

B. viruses.

Congenital anomalies can be diagnosed in which medical procedure? A. Circumcision B. Trace fetal circulation C. Amniocentesis D. PDA

C. Amniocentesis

Chickenpox is spread by virus which is transmitted by which method or route? A. Bacillus entering through damaged skin B. A toxin formed in respiratory mucosa C. Direct or indirect droplet nuclei from the respiratory tract of the infected person D. Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci

C. Direct or indirect droplet nuclei from the respiratory tract of the infected person

A diagnosis of Cryptorchidism indicates a patient has which problem? A. Congenital malignant tumor B. Phimosis C. Failure of the testicle(s) to descend into the scrotum D. Wilms' tumor

C. Failure of the testicle(s) to descend into the scrotum

Anemia is an abnormal reduction in the concentration of the ______. A. CDC B. WBC C. RBC D. PSA

C. RBC

Which condition is the most common cyanotic congenital heart defect that is actually a combination of four defects? A. Ventricular septal defect (VSD) B. PDA C. Tetralogy of Fallot D. Transposition of the great arteries

C. Tetralogy of Fallot

Which treatment is used when a patient is diagnosed with phenylketonuria (PKU) includes A. oxygen therapy. B. a high-sodium chloride diet. C. a protein-restricted diet. D. surgical intervention.

C. a protein-restricted diet.

Reye's syndrome has been associated with the use of: A. acetaminophen B. ibuprofen C. aspirin D. penicillin

C. aspirin

A systemic disease with superficial cutaneous lesions that begin as red macules that progress to papules then to vesicles that form crusts is known as _____________. A. rubeola B. rubella C. chickenpox D. diphtheria

C. chickenpox

The greatest medical concern for infants with acyanotic cardiac defect is _________. A. hydrocephalus B. Down syndrome C. congestive heart failure D. aspiration

C. congestive heart failure

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is A. most likely to occur in a sick infant. B. not known to have any risk factors. C. the number one cause of death of infants between ages 1 month and 12 months. D. predictable and preventable.

C. the number one cause of death of infants between ages 1 month and 12 months.

Which statement is descriptive of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH)? A. Causes cleft palate B. Nontraumatic deformity of the tibia C. More common in male infants D. Abnormal development of the hip joint

D. Abnormal development of the hip joint

The symptoms and signs of anemia include: A. pallor, weakness, fatigability, and listlessness. B. an abnormal reduction of red blood cells (RBCs). C. tachycardia, jaundice, and mental sluggishness. D. All of the answer option

D. All of the answer option

Which statement or statements are true of Down syndrome? A. A congenital form of mild to severe intellectual developmental disorder B. Associated with distinctive physical abnormalities and heart defects C. Caused by a chromosomal abnormality D. All of the answer options

D. All of the answer options

Which techniques are used in the diagnostic investigation of a congenital heart defect? A. Physical examination and patient history B. Radiographic studies of the chest and blood tests C. Heart catheterization and electrocardiogram (ECG) D. All of the answer options

D. All of the answer options

Which warning signs are indicative of lead poisoning? A. Loss of appetite and vomiting B. Irritability and ataxic gait C. Anemia D. All of the answer options

D. All of the answer options

Which statement(s) is/are true about asthma? A. The bronchial tubes are hyperactive and hypersensitive. B. Severe attacks require hospitalization. C. It is a leading cause of absenteeism in school children. D. All of the answer options are true.

D. All of the answer options are true.

Which statement/s is/are true about erythroblastosis fetalis? A. Antibodies in the mother's blood destroy the RBCs of the fetus. B. It is characterized in the fetus by anemia, jaundice, and enlargement of the liver and spleen. C. Neither of the answer options D. Both of the answer options

D. Both of the answer options

Which statement/s is/are true about leukemia? A. It is the most common childhood malignancy. B. Neither of the answer options are true C. The diagnosis is confirmed by microscopic examination of the bone marrow. D. Both of the answer options are true.

D. Both of the answer options are true.

Which characteristic is true of congenital diseases? A. Always fatal B. Genetic etiology C. Nongenetic D. Can be either physical or mental.

D. Can be either physical or mental.

Which condition is the most common crippler of children? A. Spina bifida B. Muscular dystrophy (MD) C. Down syndrome D. Cerebral palsy (CP)

D. Cerebral palsy (CP)

Which of the following is a progressive degeneration and weakening of the skeletal muscle? A. CP B. SP C. ED D. MD

D. MD

_________________ is a combination of brain disease and fatty invasion of the inner organs, especially the liver. A. Robinow Syndrome B. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome C. Down Syndrome D. Reye Syndrome

D. Reye Syndrome

If a child is born with tetralogy of Fallot, how many actual heart defects are present? A. one B. two C. three D. four

D. four

A newborn less than four weeks is known as ________________. A. preterm B. premature C. child D. neonate

D. neonate

The most common form of conjoined twins is known as ___________________. A. omphalopagus B. ischiopagus C. pygopagus D. thoracopagus

D. thoracopagus

Tetraology of Fallot

The most common cyanotic cardiac defect is a combination of four congenital heart defects: (1) VSD, an abnormal opening in the ventricular septum; (2) pulmonary stenosis, a tightening of the pulmonary valve or vessel; (3) dextroposition (displacement to the right) of the aorta, which overrides (receiving circulation from both ventricles) the VSD; and (4) right ventricular hypertrophy, caused by increased pressure in the ventricle.

In hydrocephalus, a large amount of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) accumulates in the skull, causing increased intracranial pressure. True or False

True

Rh factor incompatibility occurs when the mother, through prior pregnancy, has become sensitized to the Rh factor of the fetal RBCs. True or False

True

Tetanus is an acute, potentially deadly systemic infection characterized by painful involuntary contraction of skeletal muscles. True or False

True

The lungs of the neonate lack the surfactant needed to allow the alveoli to expand. True or False

True

Tachypnea

rapid and shallow respirations