Chapter 2

A patient comes into your clinic complaining of fatigue, weight loss and dehydration. You run some diagnostic tests and find that they have excess potassium but lower then normal glucose and sodium levels in their blood. The tests also revealed a hyposecretion of cortisol. This patient most likely has _____.

Addison's disease

Which portion of the limbic system deals with the emotion of fear?

Amygdala

Where does the insula reside?

At the junction of the parietal, temporal, and frontal lobes

Which part of the limbic system helps to prevent unwanted muscle movements?

Basal ganglia

In men, what is the unhealthy range of testosterone in the body?

Below 300 nanograms per deciliter of blood

Oxytocin is released into the bloodstream by?

Excited nerve cells

Where is testosterone produced in females?

In the ovaries and adrenal glands.

The limbic system:

Is the portion of the brain that deals with three key functions: emotions, memories and arousal

What two things does the amygdala do with our memories?

It decides which ones we keep and where to store them in the brain.

Which of these statements about the hypothalamus is NOT true?

It releases hormones that circulate through the bloodstream to the entire body.

What thick bunch of neurons connects all the different parts of the dopamine reward circuit?

Medial Forebrain Bundle

What part of the dopamine reward circuit is so powerful that when that part was stimulated with electrodes, rats gave up eating and sleeping to keep triggering the electrode for the pleasure it caused?

Nucleus Accumbens

The hypothalamus works closely with which endocrine gland to control the entire endocrine system function in your body?

Pituitary gland

Oxytocin is stored in which portion of the brain?

Posterior pituitary gland

Which part of the brain is composed of nerve cells that filter stimuli and runs from the spinal cord through the brainstem and thalamus?

Reticular formation

How do the roles of the hippocampus and the hypothalamus differ?

The hippocampus processes long-term memory while the hypothalamus regulates hunger.

Where is testosterone produced in men?

The testes and the adrenal glands.

What is the main purpose of the hypothalamus?

To maintain homeostasis in the body

Which one of the following is a dangerous side effect of oxytocin?

Too many uterine contractions

The amygdala is associated with...

all of these (emotions, memories, the limbic system)

The basal ganglia is also properly known as the:

basal nuclei

The insula ensures that you don't pass out when you first start an exercise session _____.

because it boosts heart rate and blood pressure

Kheilani has several options of classes that she can take at her college. When she sits down and plans out her next few years, including which classes to take and which major to choose, she is engaging her _____ cortex.

dorsolateral prefrontal

Cortisol promotes the conversion of fatty acids into glucose. This is called _____.

gluconeogenesis

What is the primary job of the prefrontal cortex?

high-level thinking, such as decision making

Which is true of the prefrontal cortex?

it is the last part of the brain to develop

Ang is trying to eat healthier. He knows that chocolate cake isn't good for him, and that he'll feel better and be healthier later if he eats fruit instead of chocolate cake. The part of his brain that will help Ang make a good decision by weighing the rewards and punishments is his _____ cortex.

orbitofrontal

Both the _____ cortex and the _____ cortex are involved in considering rewards and punishments, though in slightly different ways.

orbitofrontal; anterior cingulate

The basal ganglia helps a person perform _____ movements.

skilled or practiced

The temporal lobe processes information about _____, the parietal lobe processes information about _____ and the occipital lobe of the brain process information about _____ respectively.

sound, touch, and sight