Chapter 2 Key Terms
a joint operational policing resource found in the United States, often at the state level, that acts as a coordination point for criminal and terrorism-related threats
fusion center
legislation that mandates a person to provide encryption keys or passwords to law enforcement for digital forensic investigation
key disclose laws
civil and criminal responsibility for a behavior or specific activity
liable
a colloquial term used to reference the working relationships between the Australian, Canada, New Zealand, the UK, and US governments, particularly as relates to intelligence collection and analysis
Five Eyes
A UK-based political consulting company that was involved in a data acquisition and misuse scandal involving Facebook and various political operative in the UK and US
Cambridge Analytica
the Canadian military entity engaged in proactive network attack and defense
Communications Security Establishment (CSE)
an agency that serves as a coordinating point for responses to major network emergencies
Computer Emergency Response Teams (CERTs)
A nonprofit organization operating to assist victims of cybercrimes both in the United States and internationally
Cyber Civil Rights Initiative (CCRI)
A Singapore-based government agency proactively engaged in the attack and defense of government agencies online
Cyber Security Agency (CSA)
UK national criminal justice agency that has both national and international reach and works in partnerships with law enforcement organizations to particularly focus on serious and organized crime
National Crime Agency
The UK-based national police unit tasked with investigating and combatting homegrown acts of terror and extremism within England and Wale
National Domestic Extremism and Disorder Intelligence Unit
law enforcement agencies that respond to and investigate incidents that cut across state or other internal territorial boundaries
National Police Forces
An NSA-implemented program beginning in 2007 to collect email and other electronic communications data of all sorts,
PRISM Program
means it must be more likely than not that the accused in fact committed whatever acts they are accused of
Preponderance of evidence
an international organization founded in 1998 to track the activities of email spammers and spam campaigns broadly
Spamhaus
the violation of a law in which a crime is committed against the state, society, as a whole, or a member of society
criminal offense
term used to refer to the standard of proof needed in US criminal courts to show that a person on trial committed a crime
beyond a reasonable doubt
a noncriminal offense, usually a dispute between private parties
civil offense
