Chapter 2 Quiz

A teacher grading papers has the following scores: 92, 90, 88, 86, 84, and 82. What is the range of the scores?

10

In the context of psychological research methods, which of the following scenarios is an example of the survey method?

Dr. Frank asks people how many hours of television they watch per week.

A researcher designs a study to investigate the relationship between two variables: the size of a person's head and their IQ level. The study measures each variable without manipulating either of the variables and finds that IQs are higher for subjects with bigger heads. In the context of correlational research, which of the following is the most likely conclusion from the results of this study?

IQ and head size are positively correlated.

In the context of ethics guidelines in psychological research, identify a true statement about deception.

Researchers who employ deception in their studies must be able to justify lying to participants.

A research study established that the number of hours of study before a test is directly proportional to the performance in the test. In the context of correlational research, it can be said that ________ exists between the two variables.

a positive correlation

Meta-analytic results in psychological research are more powerful than the results of a single study because the meta-analytic results

combine many findings in the literature.

Inmates at a correctional facility take part in an experiment on social development. Once the experiment is over, the correctional officer goes home and tells their roommates about the results of the study and about the inmates who did not perform well. In this scenario, which ethical guideline of psychological research has been violated by the correctional officer?

confidentiality

Which of the following types of research would be used to determine whether there is a relationship between two or more variables—whether and how variables change together?

correlational research

After a study has concluded, the researcher should engage in which of the following with participants?

debriefing

Which type of research would seek to establish a causal relationship between variables?

experimental

When using inferential statistics in psychological research studies, the researcher learns

how to test predictions about a sample.

A researcher has developed a theory concerning test grades of high school students. The researcher believes that there is a strong causal relationship between students' frequency of study and their grades in school. In the context of psychology's scientific method, to test the theory, the researcher would first have to state a...

hypothesis

A teacher has developed a theory concerning test grades of high school students. The teacher believes that there is a strong causal relationship between students' levels of happiness and their grades in school. In this scenario, the expectation that happier students get better grades is a ________Blank derived from the teacher's theory.

hypothesis

Before agreeing to participate in a psychological research study, all participants must know what their participation will involve and what risks might develop. According to the American Psychological Association's (APA) guidelines, which of the following addresses this issue?

informed consent

Which of the following measures the distance between the highest and lowest scores in a set?

range

Most often, participants in research studies tend to answer questions in a way that will make them look good rather than in a way that communicates what they truly think or feel. This is a potential problem with

surveys

What is the purpose of a double-blind experiment?

the ensure the researcher does not convey hints to the purpose of the experiment

A researcher has submitted a proposal to the institutional review board (IRB) of a university. At this university, the researcher intends to conduct research on the patterns of socialization of students from foreign countries. In the context of ethics guidelines, the IRB at the university will decide...

whether the study meets ethical guidelines before it is initiated.

Which of the following is an advantage of conducting psychological research in a laboratory?

A laboratory is a controlled setting with many of the potential confounding factors of the real world removed.

When conducting an experiment on time management, a researcher assigns everyone who arrives before noon to the experimental group and everyone who arrives after noon to the control group. In the context of experimental research methods, what is wrong with this experiment?

The researcher has not used true random assignment.

A researcher conducts an experiment on motivation. The experimental group is administered the independent variable, but the control group is not administered the independent variable. The researcher asks an assistant to act as a research subject who has little motivation, despite the encouragement provided to them during the experiment. The researcher wants to see how the assistant's behavior affects the motivation of the actual research subjects in the experimental group. In this experiment, the assistant is serving as...

a confederate.

A psychology teacher designs a questionnaire to determine the most preferred social media among students in their classroom. Which measure of central tendency should they use to get an accurate idea?

mode

A researcher conducts an experiment on an individual who displays symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. The researcher postulates that hyperactivity will be measured by the number of times the participant moves about while in the middle of a conversation. In this scenario, the researcher's postulation is the...

operational definition

A professor wants to examine the connection between brain damage and intelligence levels in adults in order to determine whether brain damage has any connection with levels of intelligence and, if so, what the extent of this connection is likely to be. Which of the following psychological research methods is likely to be most suitable to the professor's needs?

probably: correlational research

In the context of experimental research, random assignment of participants is important in order to ensure that

probably: groups have equal and balanced composition.

A researcher conducts a study on honesty and publishes the results. A second researcher tries to conduct the same study after reading the article and has similar results. What is the process called when the second researcher conducts their study?

replication

A researcher is examining the effects of color on individuals' anxiety levels. Participants are randomly assigned to either a room painted white or a room painted black. The researcher then records the participants' blood pressure. In this case, the independent variable is the...

room color.

A researcher observes student behavior during a learning task and attempts to form a ________, which is a broad idea or set of closely related ideas that attempts to explain observations and to make predictions about future observations.

theory